The Real World During Quantum-Mechanical Experiments

The purpose of this particular lab was to experiment and identify the chemical and physical changes throughout the experiment.

Procedure: Using distilled water, premeasured containers and objects determine displacement of fluids and density of objects. Use ice and heat measure temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

This observance is what Werner Heisenberg refereed to as the principle of uncertainty, which commonly became known as Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. We have the illusion that position and momentum can co-exist in large objects whose inherent action is huge compared to subatomic particles.

Groothuis continues to state that if a worldview can be found to have internal inconsistencies logically, then the worldview can be presumed to be false. (53) Scientists would rebuttal that existence happened spontaneously from a Quantum Vacuum. (Strobel, 13) This Quantum Vacuum represents a theoretical plausibility of “quantum uncertainties” that allow things to materialize instantly. (Strobel, 13) The Quantum Vacuum isn’t really a vacuum but actually a “sea of fluctuating” violent energy, “that has a rich physical structure and can be described by physical laws.” (Strobel, 15) If this were true, then another common rule that is held at the core belief of naturalism, matter is neither created nor destroyed, becomes called into question. According to the same law of bivalence, this statement must be true or false. The Vacuum represents matter acting as a “sea of fluctuating”

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that no particle can have “well-defined” clear values for both position and speed; consequently, no particle can be stationary because any stationary particle would have a clearly defined speed value of zero. In the analogy presented by Gilmore, electrons are able to obtain loans of energy from their local bank, allowing them to exist. The energy they are loaned becomes their rest mass energy. This principle, perhaps, is the most difficult to compare to the macro world. The idea that there exists a quantity or measurement--for lack of a better word--that cannot be measured is difficult to reconcile with the average human mind. Though there exist equal realms of ambiguity and no definite in the macro world, such as justice and legality, or emotion and rationality (as provided by Gilmore), the notion of an immeasurable quantity is one many cannot grasp. This places the Heisenberg uncertainty Principle most at odds with the macro world, as in the real world, humans go about their existence with definite: For example, the bus will arrive to take a man to work at 09:05; a day is 24 hours long, America gained its independence in the year 1776, and there are 8 periods in our school day. That is to say, humans take solace in the definite of numbers--as a source of definite when all else is seemingly variable and perhaps even more so when everything

Furthermore, it is highly beneficial to look at different viewpoints because one can consider a variety of ‘predictive, interpretive, or explanatory possibilities not constrained by Western expectations or logic” (301).

Quantum Research Labs have been hired by an independent party to determine the potential effects of a creatine monohydrate supplementation on male athletes. This study was funded by a third party undergoing change in their organizations strength training program. Quantum Research Labs have no self-interests in the supplementation industry.

Furthermore, there are three main aspects which were customarily associated with a science: metaphysical, theoretical and methodological assumptions. Under metaphysical it is believed that to gain scientific status requires the certainty that the subject matter i.e. human thought/ behaviour, is similar to that of other accepted sciences. This could then be true for Psychology, as particularly since Darwin’s suggestion of a continuity between behaviours of humans and other species, behaviour has become more scrutinised. However, this must be assumed in respect of determinism, suggesting predictions could be made. ‘Heisenbergs uncertainty principle’ suggests that when relating evidence of indeterminism within the universe to human behaviour, it proves ambiguous, and with parts of the discipline believing strongly in free will it seems difficult to establish a common ground (Valentine E.R. page 2).

The Rosenhan experiment was an experiment into the validity of psychiatric diagnosis, conducted by David Rosenhan in 1973. The study is considered an important and influential criticism of psychiatric diagnosis.

For centuries, philosophers and scientists alike have debated the nature of consciousness, human freedom, and moral responsibility. Quantum Mechanics (QM) would indicate that on the smallest, most fundamental scale of the universe, indeterminism is logically true, and provides room for free will theory in our universe. Alternatively, adequate determinism proposes that macroscopic events can be statistically predicted with impressive precision, but that the unpredictability of microscopic events has no noticeable effect on the macroscopic world. There are other subcategories of determinism and indeterminism, all of which bring interesting perspectives on the nature of the reality, and all of which have a large impact on moral responsibility.

When looking at all the different theories they all have something common. They are just a theory. What I mean by this is they are a thought or suggestion of how things happen or work. The reality is some theories are good and plausible. Others on the other hand not so much. All of Chapter 4 is all about the different theories. So this paper is a summary of some of those theories.

72. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to know that the Schrodinger equation for hydrogen atom is not literally a correct discription of this atom, but an approximation of a somewhat more correct quation taking account of spins, magnetic bipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected quation is itself only an approximation of an infinite set of quantum field-theoratical equations.

While David Lewis’s essay “New Work for a Theory of Universals” (1983) is quite extensive in its scope and insight, I only wish to draw attention to his reasoning about the scope of universals. Lewis makes a more radical distinction between “property” and “universal” than most philosophers. Lewis defines the word “property” very broadly: an object has a property by virtue of being a member of a set, so there are as many properties as there are sets. Given that Lewis is a realist about both set theory and possible worlds, he must recognize a vast and exotic array of properties. There is a property of fuzzy redness and non-square largeness as much as there is a property of redness, both being sets. Obviously not everything that is designated a property can claim the status of universal. Only those properties that can be wholly present in multiple locations are candidates for being universals. Among these, those given by empirical science (natural properties) make the final cut and are crowned as universals.

Conversely, science is composed of theories that can be tested and have scientific basis. Science can be discovery based. Observations can be

Entanglement is one of the most fundamental and yet unintuitive concepts in quantum mechanics. Maximally entangled two-qubit states, often called Bell states, where shown to violate classical (local) correlation properties [33, 34] and are an essential building block for quantum communication and distributed quantum computation. Unfortunately, such entangled states are also difficult to generate and sustain as interaction with a noisy environment typically leads to rapid loss of their unique quantum properties. In the context of QSC, such an entanglement has been generated exploring various types of interactions such as direct qubit-qubit interaction [35, 36], coupling to a common cavity mode [37] or photon-mediated interactions for qubits embedded in a waveguide [38].