Tensile Testing In The World Trade Center

The Twin Towers webbed trusses had not undergone any type of fireproof testing prior to 9/11. “Two of the world's tallest buildings have never undergone a trial by fire”. (page 69)

Subsequent to 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) and the Pentagon which compelled the U.S. to imagine the unconceivable. That day things went really wrong, because that was the day that terrorist decided to make their presences know by attacking us. They evolved from using bombs to using airplanes to deliver as there attack weapon because it would cause lethal fatalities on U.S. soil. This was never done before and we were not prepared to handle such a massive attack. This paper will investigate what went wrong before and after 9/11, the effects of post 9/11, surveillance surge on state and local policing, what was the problem why the C.I.A. and the F.B. I. did not communicate with each other, analyze our current and past laws in regards to the dissemination of information between state, local authorities, and federal authorities, and to recommend changes or reforms to policies that are obsolete. We understand that local law enforcement and state agencies will bring specific advantages (there strength) from there organizations, and they will also bring their inherited weaknesses. Thereby, they will bring one important thing to the table which is how they collect local intelligence; as well as them being able to address some of their weaknesses. For example, lack of analytical capacity in order to fully use the data they collect. This paper builds and contributes to how things were before and after 9/11, and the types of changes that were made within law

Before the Twin Towers were built, buildings were never built to the 110 floors planned for the towers for a number of reasons. The winds in New York City could reach 100 miles per hour on some days, which caused a great amount of stress on the taller buildings in the city. Originally, buildings of the time were built with support columns ever 30 feet or so which created a solid structure but not much wide open floor space. Due to the planned height of the Twin Towers, weather could be different at the top and the bottom of the towers. To combat this, the buildings were constructed like a tube, with high-strength steel around the edges and a “core” in the middle of the buildings which was to house the elevator shafts which would help to withstand the strength of the wind and also cut down on the materials needed and therefore the cost. This was accomplished with sets of three 30-foot column lattices that were welded together offsite and then constructed at the towers using Kangaroo Cranes,

I think the terrorists attacked the twin towers because they wanted to make a huge negative impact on the United States. The twin towers in my opinion resembles ‘American Economic Power’ so it was a very easy target to make a horrible impact on America. Therefore, I think the Muslims who were behind the terrorist attack just wanted to gain publicity to make sure everyone was aware of what they are and there country is capable of. Therefore, it was a sign of act of war from members of the Al-Qaeda. Which I think had a lot to do with the hate and hostility Osama Bin Laden had on America and U.S troops. Many countries tend to hate America because our military is very advanced and have many high quality weapons. I think when 5,000 troops were sent to station in Saudi Arabia, which took a major part in the whole thing. We were intimidating so they were plotting on us from the start.

Two weeks ago, there was an incident at Truss Construction Shop. A hoist operator was placed into an induced coma due to a large part of a Truss breaking apart during a QA Truss load test. The Truss broke apart because the testing was pushed beyond the threshold. This

According to CNN report on September 11th Terror Attacks Fast Facts, at the World Trade Center, 2,763 died after the two planes slammed into the twin towers. That figure includes 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers and 37 Port Authority police officers who were battling to vacate the buildings and save the office workers who were stuck on higher floors. At the Pentagon, 189 people were died, including 64 on American Airlines Flight 77, the airliner that struck the building. On Flight 93, 44 people died when the plane crash-landed in Pennsylvania.

The Twin waterfalls that are placed in the ground where the twin towers of the World Trade Center once stood serve as a memorial to the events that took place on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The Architect of these twin waterfalls, Michael Arad, wanted to create a memorial that was “stoic and defiant, but also quiet and respectful.” Arad explained. “I didn’t want a design that felt the need to scream loudly. I felt the site was frightened with so much history, anything we say here is amplified a thousand-fold.” The project that Arad had in mind was no easy feat, it took roughly 6 years to complete due to numerous architectural obstacles that the workers had to conquer. This mechanical marvel is able to send water from the bottom of the waterfall back to the top at an astonishing rate of 24,000 gallons per minute. However, gusts of wind cause turbulence on top of the water so the engineers needed to create a system that is not only strong, but also able to variate the power given to these pumps in order to maintain that serene aesthetic look of the water smoothly flowing down the waterfall. This mechanical marvel also boasts filters to take sediment out, UV lights to kill bacteria, and chemical additives to prevent the water from becoming polluted. Every minute detail has been thought of by architect Michael Arad and landscape architect Peter Walker. For example, trees were placed surrounding these waterfalls in order to comfort and calm those who come to this spot to mourn.

It was a normal, September morning for Roz and her daughter, Amanda. She dropped her off at her school and rode the subway to get to her job at the first World Trade Center building. After a few minutes of entering the building, arriving at the 88th floor, and engaging in light small talk with a coworker, an explosion occurred that shook the whole building. Dazed and confused, Roz and her coworkers stood in confusion wondering what happened. It wasn’t until they saw one of their team members badly burned from head to toe that they realized that what had happened. Frantically, they ran towards a stairwell and descended down 80+ flights of stairs to the safety of the firefighter and police filled lobby. At a point of desperation and exhaustion, Roz was lucky to find a ride to her daughter’s school where family members were already there waiting to hear a call of good news (A Survivor’s Story). Stories like these are a dime a dozen, although many were not as lucky as Roz. The attack on September 11th, 2001 forever changed the lives of many and the consequences had a radical effect on all aspects of life including politics, health, and discrimination acts.

When the Twin Towers collapsed on September 11, 2001, they made a sound heard around New York as a roar, or distant thunder. The South Tower was the first to go. Its upper floors tilted briefly before dropping, and driving the building straight down to the ground. Many people died, and many others were lucky enough to make it out alive. Twenty-nine minutes later the North Tower collapsed with much the same result as the first. The two symbols of America’s economy were gone, and not even the so-called World Trade Center Seven, a relatively new forty-seven-floor tower that stood independently across the street from the complex, remained standing. The building burned persistently throughout the day, and that evening became the first

When most people think of the world trade center they immediately think of the attack that occurred September 11th 2001. Most forget that was not the first time that the world trade center’s had come under attack before. “The February 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City marked the beginning of an ugly new phase of terrorism involving the indiscriminate killing of civilians. ’ Like the saran gas attack on the Tokyo subway in March 1995 and the bombing of the Alfred E. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in April 4995, the World Trade Center bombing was

The developers of the One World Trade Center designed the tower to be the safest in the world. Instead of standard concrete, they used high-strength concrete, which is seven times stronger. Even the reinforcement steel bars are larger than normal to make the One World Trade Center stronger. The One World Trade Center exceeds New York City’s building safety code

On September 11th, 2001, terrorism reached American soil; attacks were specifically made on Lower Manhattan, causing the destruction of every World Trade Center associated building. The attack to this day has still instilled fear of terrorism in our society, and is an event New Yorkers will never forget. Dating back to July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed in the United States, declaring the thirteen colonies free from Great Britain. It is no coincidence that the new 1 WTC, previously known as the Freedom Tower, reaches its maximum height of 1,776 feet. The name “Freedom Tower” was originally used to symbolize America as a nation to rise above the attacks on the original towers. Architectures strategically planned out its symbolic height to match up with its specific chosen name of the building. However, the owners decided to change the building name back to One World Trade Center due to the fact that the building was going to be used as an office building and not for marketing. Nonetheless, many people still refer to 1 WTC as the Freedom Tower. Fast forward ten years later from the attack, on September 11th, 2011, the 9/11 Memorial officially opened for public use. The 9/11 Memorial has not only been one of New York’s biggest tourist destinations that attracts crowds of thousands on a daily basis, but it has also acted as an area that brings back many memories and emotions for those with any association of that day. With the history of the memorial and

One of the most photographed, videoed and telecast events in human history(QUOTE), the attacks of September 11 (9/11/2001) on the Twin Towers, provide a case study for the power of an image, in this case, an image of disaster. Images are defined as a “visual impression” (QUOTE) something that captures the essence of a moment. With reference to images of disaster, these photographs aim to capture the grief, the loss and the immeasurable suffering of those involved. So what, it may be asked, is the formula for a successful image of disaster? The formula which results in a singular image that will naturally be adopted by society as representation of that horrific time. An image such as the one of the little girl running from the napalm bomb

The Sept. 11, 2001 attacks on the world Trade Center in new york was stunning the media globally, it even caught mass attention and caused reams of discourse, writing, and reflection. These media spectacles were supposed to terrorize the U.S., to attack symbolic targets, and to unfold a terror spectacle Jihad against the West, likewise on undermine the U.S. and world economy. The world Trade Center is an important image of world capitalist economy within the heart of the New York money district, whereas the Pentagon stands as an icon and center of U.S. military power. There followed a media spectacle of the very best order. For many days, US TV suspended broadcasting of advertising and television amusement and targeted only on the big events

Although these problems were corrected and the idea of building a skyscraper became a feasible task, there were many conditions that had to be taken into account, that did not need consideration when building a structure less than 40 stories tall. Four story buildings are supported by their own walls; however a new method needed to be created for skyscrapers since the previous building method would not provide enough support. Metal skeletal frames made of columns and beams were then developed to provide the support and strength needed for the skyscrapers. As the buildings grew taller, their structural design was made lighter and stiffer. Also, as the buildings grew taller, wind became an important issue. Normally, the force that acts on the skyscraper pushes directly downward towards the ground that would then counter balance that push. However, when an additional force acts on it, such as wind, the forces would act differently on the skyscraper. With a lateral force acting on the building, the steel columns of the frame on the windy side would stretch apart slightly while the columns on the other side would compress. Therefore, the skeletal frame built had to be made so that the structure would be free to move slightly with the wind and, at the same time, remain sturdy.