Physics of the Heart Essay

The Myocardium is made up of specialised cardiac muscle, only found in the heart and is not under voluntary control.

Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, the cardiovascular system is the body system that carries out the tasks of pumping and transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, and other substances throughout the body.

The effect of Acetylcholine had on the frog’s heart. The heart flatlined, and the spikes seen after the rinsing of the chest cavity in hopes that the heart will beat again.

*Both sides of the heart are doing this at the same exact time and contracting/relaxing is what pumps the blood from one place to the other.

The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillaries distribute the oxygen rich blood to organs whilst simultaneously picking up the waste carbon dioxide and water from the organs to transport back to the heart where it can be pumped into the lungs to be exhaled.

The heart serves an important purpose within the body, pumping blood throughout the circulatory system to supply all parts of the body with vital nutrients and molecules. It pumps oxygen and nutrient rich blood to be exchanged for carbon dioxide, which is then pumped to the lungs and eliminated from the body. The movement of blood throughout the body is due to the heart’s ability to push blood along the circulatory system at a steady, unfaltering rate. This rate, known as heart rate, is regulated and can be altered at a moment’s notice by signaling within the body and heart itself. In vertebrates, the autonomic nervous system controls and regulates heart rate. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two subunits, the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nerve that innervates the heart is the vagus nerve. In this laboratory experiment, the regulation of heart rate was observed by studying a certain breed of turtle, the Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Both chemical and electric signaling can influence the components of the nervous

The release of chemicals that cause vasodilatation together the veins and arteries vasodilate, causing a

contractions was replaced by different whole number ratios, e.g. 2:1, 3:1, the heart was in partial heart block.

The SA node is the primary pacemaker of the heart. It starts the heartbeat by spontaneously contracting, causing the rest of the heart to contract in a wave.

The S-A node signal is delayed by the atrioventricular node to allow the full contraction of the atria that allows the ventricles to reach their maximum volume. A sweeping right to left wave of ventricular contraction then pumps blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The semilunar valves that separate the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle from the aorta open shortly after the ventricles begin to contract. The opening of the semilunar valves ends a brief period of isometric (constant volume) ventricular contraction and initiates a period of rapid ventricular ejection.

9. When the heart is externally stimulated just after the start of the contraction cycle, why does this have no affect on heart rate?

The heart is one of the most important organs in an organism’s body, no matter if they are aquatic, amphibian, or a mammal. This super organ works automatically, able to pump massive amounts of oxygen rich blood through the body by means of electrical impulses and the opening and closing of valves within its many layers. It is what keeps us and every other creature on this earth alive; so it is only natural for one to fear when there might be a problem with one’s heart. A cardiac arrhythmia can happen to anyone, no matter the age, race, or gender, and as such, doctors and scientist have spent years trying to better understand the heart and the way it functions so that they can try to prevent these problems and save millions of lives.

6. Automaticity – ability of heart to beat spontaneously and repetitively without external neurohormonal control. The heart is capable of beating outside the body, given proper laboratory conditions. Automaticity is evidently linked to fluid and electrolyte balance rather than to nervous system control.

The heart is an organ that pumps blood all through the body by process for the circulatory system, providing oxygen and supplements into the tissues and evacuating carbon dioxide and different squanders. There are two sorts of circuits by which it pumps blood, the aspiratory circuit, where the blood is pumped through the lungs to oxygenate the blood and expel carbon dioxide and the systemic circuit, by which the oxygen and supplements are conveyed to the tissues and evacuate carbon dioxide. All together for the heart to beat, it requires three sorts of cells: The Rhythm generator, conductors and contractile cells. The mechanical arrangement of the heart is started with the pacemaker cells (conductors) that begin electrical

We have learned that the heart is a complex muscle that pumps blood throughout the body for the purposes of tissue oxygenation and gas exchange (waste removal). We must now discuss the four separate chambers of the heart through which this blood flows through. To start, the two upper, or superior chambers are known as the atria, and the two lower, or inferior chambers are known as the ventricles. These four chambers can further be separated into left and right half’s. Each half contains a superior pumping chamber – the atria, and an inferior pumping chamber – the ventricles. Each of these chambers have an important and specific job to perform during the circulatory process.