Physioex 8.0 Exercise 10

4. The stomach maintains a pH of approximately 3 to 5. Do all enzymes function at this pH level? Give an example from one of the exercises.

PCO2 decreased during rapid breathing because more CO2 was removed from the blood than normal. Each breath expels a certain amount of CO2. If the breathing rate increases, then more CO2 is expelled.

1. During exercise: TV will increase. 2. During exercise: IRV will decrease. 3. During exercise: ERV will increase. 4. During exercise: VC will not change. 5. During exercise: TLC will not change.

How would you have expected Cari’s decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her

Question K: How would you have expected Cari’s deceased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing?

2. Which of the lab values gives you information about how Mrs. Burroughs’ kidneys are functioning?

K. How would you have expected Cari’s decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing?

Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide the body produces. This causes body fluids, especially the blood, to become too acidic. Chronic respiratory acidosis occurs over a long period of time, this leads to a stable situation, because the kidneys increase body chemicals, such as bicarbonate, that help restore the body’s acid-base balance. Acute respiratory acidosis is a condition in which carbon dioxide builds up quickly, before the kidneys can return the body to a state of balance. Some of the symptoms may include: confusion, fatigue, lethargy, shortness of breath, and sleepiness. Some causes of

6. What is the normal pH of blood? Why was Allen’s blood pH below normal? Pg. 970-971.

I think Sally is experiencing metabolic acidosis, and the respiratory response is hyperventilation which increases loss of CO2 hence the reason she is breathing deeply and gasping. Also, if compensation is complete, pH will be within normal range but HCO3- will be low.

D) If you hyperventilate the kidneys will counteract the alkalinity by adding hydrogen ions into the blood stream

The data have supported the hypothesis because it showed the results in the data. When the PCO2 is 40, the blood pH is 7.38 which it is normal that lead to have normal H+ in urine and HCO3- in urine. The PCO2 get lower to 30, the blood pH is 7.58 which it is high that lead to decreased in H+ in urine and elevated in HCO3- in urine. The PCO2 get higher to 60, the blood pH is 7.28 which it is low that lead to elevated in H+ in urine and decreased in HCO3- in urine. Respiratory alkalosis is when the PCO2 is lowered that cause a person to have hyperventilation that it is over breathing. It can happen if someone have panic attack, anxiety, or stress. The treatments are breathing exercise, practice relaxation, and exercise regularly to raise the carbon dioxide levels. Respiratory acidosis is when the PCO2 is raised that cause a person to have hypoventilation that is slow breathing. It can happen if someone have daytime drowsiness, fatigue, morning headaces,and bluish color on the skin. The treatments are losing weight, supplemental oxygen, and continuous positive airway pressure to decrease the carbon dioxide

Did the pH level of the blood change at all during normal breathing? If so, how? The pH did not change during the normal breathing.

The major effect of acidosis is depression of the central nervous system. When the pH of the blood falls below 7.35, the central nervous system malfunctions, and the individual becomes disoriented and possibly comatose as the condition worsens. Causes for acidosis include things such as; obesity, disease of the airway and diseases involving the chest. (Hadjiliadis, 2014)

Acidosis is when the pH of one’s blood is below the normal level of 7.35. Alkalosis is when the pH of one’s blood is above 7.45. These can be broken down into two categories respiratory and metabolic. Normal oxygen (CO2) levels are 35-45 mmHg in systemic arterial blood. Normal levels for HCO3− 22-26mEq/liter in systemic arterial blood.