Physioex 8.0 Exercise 9 Completed Essay examples

Consequently, the efferent arteriole, which filters blood away from the glomerulus, is tinier in diameter than the afferent arteriole, which carries blood into each glomerulus. This puts blood under high pressure in the glomerulus; thus it forces tiny molecules and liquid out of the capillary and into the Bowman’s capsule. Soon afterwards, the tiny and liquid molecules cross the epithelium of the Bowman’s capsule, the basement membrane and capillary wall in order to get into the Bowman’s capsule and to arrive in the nephron tubules. The consequence of this is that the filtrate (the tiny and liquid molecules) pass along the remainder of the nephron and helpful substances are reabsorbed along the route. Last of all, “the filtrate flows through the collecting duct and passes out of the kidney along the ureter” as mentioned by (Parson’s, R: p128).

Because of very high glomerular filtration rates, nearly the entire volume of the blood enters the renal tubules every 30 minutes. Obviously, most of it must be reabsorbed to avoid

3. What would happen to the amount of H+ secreted into the renal tubule if the activity of the Na+ /K+

We hypothesize that as the solute concentration increases, more water will diffuse into the dialysis tubing (shown by a greater percent increase in mass).

1. What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is the function of this part?

I. Describe the role of the following hormones in the formation of urine, specifically explain the stimulus for their release, actions (decrease/increase GFR) and whether or not dilute/concentrated urine results):

CKD will cause the body to retain many excess fluids and waste that are normally filtered out to prevent internal harm throughout the body. With kidney disease there will be a rise in blood pressure due to the amount of extra fluid that is retained in the blood vessels. This fluid retention will cause the passageways to become narrow and make blood passage through the vessels increasingly difficult, in turn causing an increase in blood pressure. There will also be an increase in protein and blood found in the urine because it is not filtered out properly by the kidneys. Swelling will occur in the extremities and around the eyes because of the fluid retention as well. The longer the urine goes unfiltered the harder it may become to urinate due to pain or blockage or there may be more frequent night time urination (The National Kidney Foundation, 12).

Before kidney failure occurs, it department to five stages.7 In the first stage there is no change in

How can the body selectively increase the filtration rate of a given organ or organ system? Blood supply can be increased or decreased

In Kidney failure cases urea, creatine, uric acids and electrolytes move from the blood to the dialysate with the net effect of lowering their concentration in the blood. RBC s WBC s and plasma proteins are too large to diffuse through the pores of the membrane. Hemodialysis patient are exposed to 120 to 130 L of water during each dialysis treatment. Small molecular weight substances can pass from the dialysate in to patient’s blood. So the purity of water used for dialysis is monitored and controlled.

1. What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?

* 3. Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Every day the kidney’s filter on an average of about 120 to 150 quarts of blood that produces 1 to 2 quarts of urine that has extra fluid and waste. The importance of the kidney is to keep the blood stable so the body can function properly. The fluids that are removed from the body help prevent blood cells and large molecules (proteins) from passing. Once filtered it can pass through the tubule that sends minerals back into the blood stream to remove waste (niddk.nih.gov).

There is a pair of kidneys in the human body. They are situated towards the back of the body under the ribs, just at the level of the waist where one on either side of the body. Each kidney is composed of about one million units which are called nephrons and each nephron consists of two parts: a filter which is called the glomerulus and a tubule leading out from the nephron (Cameron 1999). According to Marshall and Bangert (2008) the kidneys have three major functions. Firstly, the kidneys are excretion of waste from plasma in the blood. The second function is that, they maintain of extracellular fluid volume and composition. Lastly, the kidneys have a role in hormone synthesis.

There are two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage. Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons. A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule. When blood enters the glomerulus, it is filtered and the remaining fluid then passes along the tubule. In the tubule, chemicals and water are either added to or removed from this filtered fluid according to the body's needs, the final product being the urine we excrete.