Physioex 9.0 Exercise 7 Pre and Post Quizzes Activity 2 Essay

1. What can you infer about the surface area and/or diffusion distance for gas exchange in Sam’s lungs?

-Ask yourself- what is altered ventilation and diffusion? Then compare and see what the differences are. Why is this important in relation to Mr Hunter’s pneumonia?

2. A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with acute shortness of breath. The patient has a respiratory rate of 28, is sitting forward to breathe, and appears anxious. According to the patient’s family, the shortness of breath has been increasing over the past

Describe the early signs of an acute asthma attack and relate each of these to the changes taking place in the lungs.

Ineffective breathing pattern related to bronchoconstriction as evidenced by decreased SpO2 of 91% and increased respirations of 28 breaths per minute (Pillitteri, 2014, p. 1224).

7.) With moderate aerobic exercise, which changed more from normal breathing, the ERV or the IRV? How well did the results compare with your prediction?

3- In the large American universities, there is a limited opportunities for faculty to work with individual students.

The same method was utilized to find expiratory reserve volume. Except, the I-beam cursor was dragged in-between the trough of a normal and maximum exhalation. As for tidal volume, it was discovered using the absolute value between the peak and the trough of a normal wave. The last data to be found using the BIOPAC was the subject’s vital capacity. Here, the I-beam cursor was dragged from the peak of the maximum inhalation to the trough of maximum exhalation.

2. How would the consequences of the COPD of R.S. (identified in question 1) differ from those of emphysematous COPD?

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

The inspiratory reserve volume where 3,100 ml of air is additionally inhaled after the inspiratory of a regular tidal volume.

Spirometry as a measure of lung function provides complementary information that is not provided by other outcome variables.

When images are acquired at full lung capacity (end-inspiratory volume), pulmonary vessels will be maximally displayed, improving recognition of small pathologic pulmonary abnormalities. The normal range of pulmonary density generally is between -350 and -450

The extent of inflammation ,fibrosis and luminal exudates in small airways is correlated with the reduction in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio and probably with the accelerated decline in FEV1 which is a feature of COPD .(47)The peripheral airway obstruction due to inflammation and loss of alveolar attachments traps air during expiration resulting in hyperinflation .Hyperinflation reduces inspiratory capacity so that FRC increases particularly during exercise (dynamic hyperinflation ) resulting in worsening of dyspnea.These factors contribute to the impairment

4.   Why were these changes seen?>> When the valves are closed simulating blocked collecting ducts, the built up pressure caused by the increased solute volume opposes the forces driving up the filtration tasks of the kidney. The nephrons could burst if the filtering task is continued so the kidney is just trying to save ‘itself.