Physiological Perception Filters

The human brain is capable of perceiving and interpreting information or stimuli received through the sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin) (Weiten, 1998). This ability to perceive and interpret stimulus allows the human being to make meaningful sense of the world and environment around them. However, even as the human being is able to perceive and interpret stimuli information through all sense organs, stimuli is most often or primarily interpreted using the visual (eyes) and auditory (ears) sense organs (Anderson, 2009). However, for the purpose of this paper, the visual information process will be examined.

Whenever I start to smell fresh cookies, I’m able to smell the chocolate melting. I’m able to smell the salt in the cookie, while my mouth begins to salivate. When I smell the cookies being baked it’s almost as if I can taste them. I know that as I grow older, whenever i smell cookies being baked, I’ll be able to remember from when I was

I think the perceptual filter, media, had the most impact on how we see the world. In this day and age, we have an app for everything and there’s always gossip on every single one of them. In my opinion the campaigns for the US election was the worst. We had to be pick a president for our country and the two did nothing but bash each other ON THE MEDIA. From the media all I got out of the election was I either had to vote for a man who made women out to be victims and had no respect for them or a woman who should have been in prison already and lies so she looks like a good person. It was terrible.

When you smell a certain scent, take for example lemon oil, some odour molecules dissolve in the mucus lining of the olfactory epithelium on the roof of the nasal cavity. The molecules will be registered by the nerves of the olfactory membranes in the nose lining, triggering electrical impulses to brain, specifically to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb then filters and processes the input signals from the lemon scent, then mitral cells will carry the output signals to the olfactory cortex (which lets you perceive and recognise the smell of lemon), to the amygdala, and to other parts of the brain's

Although an individual glomerulus may be activated by several odors, the relative levels of activation of several glomeruli differ between odorants. As the concentration of the odorant increases, more glomeruli are recruited to respond; however, the relative pattern of activation is usually maintained for each odorant. Dr. Wachowiak also showed that there is a topographical map in the olfactory bulb such that odorants belonging to a certain class of molecules tend to activate glomeruli in the same area of the bulb, and this map is consistent across animals. Thus, it is possible to study the response to many odor molecules in a large number of animals and collapse the data across subjects to obtain more statistical power. In conclusion, this is an interesting technique that can be used to understand the detailed mechanisms of first-order olfactory perception in live animals. Dr. Wachowiak hopes to continue this research by conducting psychophysical experiments to determine how well the mice discriminate between odors, using genetically encoded probes of neural activity to selectively image certain populations of glomeruli, and studying further steps of processing within the

When it comes to visual object recognition, there a different theories to choose from, such as the feature-analysis theory and the recognition-by-components theory. However, the one that represents human performance best is feature-analysis theory. This is due to it being not only flexible, but having little characteristics to recognize an object such as a letter. Its simplicity and flexibility makes distinguishing between small amounts of stimuli easier for humans perform and discern. This is not only due to our stored memory of certain features of object and letters, but being able to compare new stimuli to past templates. This can be seen through Eleanor Gibson’s approaches with deciding whether two letters are different or cause more trouble

Earlier research with similar goals argues that context plays a role in recognition. Sinha’s research provides direct evidence of contextual cues eliciting object-specific neural responses in the brain.

Sensation and Perception is an intricate process, although they are unified uninterrupted processes that grow throughout

The process of smell in medical terms is called Olfaction. The olfactory system allows the brain to detect odorants, or chemicals in the air, that turn into signals which our brain can then use and interpret. Every smell has its own emotional response that triggers a memory. Certain smells can lead to different responses such as the need to fight or flight in the event of an emergency. When you smell something that gives you a memory, you do not think about how the scent is taken to your brain; it just happens. It is actually a very complicated process that involves many pathways and receptors that all reach back to the command center of your body; the brain (Amerman, 2016).

Loftus (2005) stated that based on the neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies of Schacter and Slotnick (2004) by applying numerous amount of words or uncomplicated pictures, they identified that sensory activity is higher for true identification comparing with false

Each glomerulus within the olfactory bulb is a tight little sphere of neural circuitry that receives inputs exclusively from olfactory neurons that are expressing the same type of olfactory receptor. Olfactory information is conveyed to the brain via the axons of mitral cells, which extend from the glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs to various regions of the forebrain. Important targets for olfactory inputs include the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the prepyriform cortex (primary olfactory cortex). The overall pattern of activity in the olfactory bulb and cortex determines the odor we perceive. There are two types of olfaction: orthonasal and retronasal. Orthonasal olfaction involves odorants being inhaled through the nose. Retronasal is the process in which humans smell through the throat and nose. Odorants are forced up behind the palate, or expired, then diffused through the nasopharynx to the olfactory receptors. This occurs when the odorants travel up the throat and into the nasal cavity. It is important for food selection and therefore linked to

Memory is a topic that has fascinated scientists throughout time. How it works, how it is influenced, and how it can be improved are just a few of the many questions that have captured the attention of researchers around the world. One notable area that has gained attention in the last few decades is the Proust phenomenon, which is how odors can be “especially powerful reminders of autobiographical experience” (Chu & Downes, 2000). This proposal will be structured to explore if this phenomenon extends from autobiographical memory to semantic memory.

In this paper, you will find the answer to the phenomena of perception and attention. “Attention is the process of concentrating on specific objects of the environment or on certain thoughts or activities” (Goldstein, 2011). Selective hearing is the exclusion of other features of the environment where limited hearing is in capacity and timing. There are a few theories of attention such as the Broadbent’s filter model, which we will be discuss in this paper. “Perception is the process of recognizing, organizing, and interpreting information from senses” (Goldstein, 2011). Perception is not an exact copy and can be based on an experience

Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) offer a model in which all stimuli are fully analysed, with the most significant message determining the response (Eyesnck, 2010). This theory proposes a bottleneck, as the filter is placed closer to the response end of the processing system. This model is recognized as a late-selection model (Deutsch & Deutsch, 1963). The Deutsch and Deutsch model was later modified by Norman (1968) who alleges that sensory inputs are processed routinely and instinctively before we consciously know about them. Norman suggests that no signal is filtered out but all are processed to the point of activating the stored

Gregory proposed that our past experience, knowledge, expectations and motivations can affect how we interpret the visual information we receive, therefore affecting our perception. He suggested that how we see objects is highly brain driven and indirect, and the process takes place so fast that we are unaware of the object in ‘normal perception’; Gregory would say that ‘a perceived object is a hypothesis’.