Physiology Of Ageing : Aging And Premature Ageing

Skin aging is a process that naturally occurs in human beings from birth and is different in each person due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. To find out what has the most influence on the human skin, both factors need to be fully researched. You can also look at other details to do with skin aging like the process of it, the appearance of it and how it can be prevented. Both factors will be covered as both are completely different processes of the skin aging. It would be true to say that not all 70 year old females have the same skin, as many factors will affect how the skin of a 70 year old could look.

The elderly population is growing rapidly and now makes up greater than thirteen percent of the United States population. (APA, 1994). With such a record growth, there are different aspects to aging that are still being analyzed. Many may think of reaching late life as a rite of passage, but many face this time with a different view. Through the movie "UP', we are granted an opportunity into view the struggles of an elderly widowed man by the name of Mr. Fredrickson and the challenges in which he faces in his later life. The movie, takes one on a journey through his sorrows and his triumphs until he realizes what the true meaning of happiness is.

It is a known fact that all measures of physiological function decline in human aging. While genetics certainly play a role in the declining of physiological function with age, it can be argued that a fundamental part of aging can be reflected by chemical processes resulting in the appearance of harmful side products of the normal metabolism over time. When enzymes speed up reactions it is harder to slow them down. At the same time side reactions are constantly occurring and more and more unwanted side products are continuously being formed.

Once a woman reaches her 50s, she is likely to start noticing changes in her skin. Menopause causes a decrease in estrogen, which can lead to dryness. Collagen production also decreases after menopause. This can lead to sagging skin and wrinkles.

Normal aging is a gradual decline in certain processes (Gladyshev, & Gladyshev, 2016). The decline is not static and can be increased or reduced depending on choices made (Gladyshev, & Gladyshev, 2016). Changes commonly attributed to aging include declines in the five senses, most organ systems, appearance and brain function (Tully, 2016). The five senses include reduction in taste buds, smell, ability to hear high frequency sounds and speech discrimination, reduced ability to see in the dark and a reduction in tactile sensory (Tully, 2016). In the organ systems there is a reduction in the hearts response to work, bone mass, skin turgor, vital capacity in the lungs, renal and colon function (Tully, 2016). Most notable is the age-related changes

Intrinsic skin aging results from the normal chronological processes that affects all organs during aging and is influenced by numerous factors that change during aging such as decreases in hormonal production [42]. It is well established that decreases in hormonal production results in a loss of moisture in aging skin, with concomitant reduction in elasticity, epidermal atrophy, increased collagen degradation and wrinkling of the skin [43 44]. Adult skin progressively thins at a rate that accelerates with age and all components of skin appear to decrease in thickness with age [45, 46]. The changes that occur to different layers of the skin are depicted in Figure 3.

The physiological aging signifies to the changes in structure and body functioning that happen over a lifetime. Some of these changes are involuntary and happen very slowly while other changes happen in a short period of time. The physiological changes that usually happen are cardiovascular system which reduce the elasticity of the blood vessels and heart valves, regulated blood stream due to the thickening of the vessel walls and as the fatty deposits lining the vessels and a reduce the ability of the heart pump out as much blood with each beat. For this reason, you can feel fatigued, develop short of breath and get simply less ability to physical effort.

April 6th 1944 in her home in Jacksonville, IL Mary Lee Elizabeth Smith was born. This is my grandma. At 71 years old she is the youngest of 8 children. She herself had 6 kids before having a tubal ligation at the age of 27, which resulted in two adhesions that had wrapped around her colon. Other surgical procedures include getting her tonsils out at sixteen years old, the removal of a benign “knot” from her neck, a cyst removal from under her arm and bunion removal. She currently lives with congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis.

The most distinctive qualities of younger looking skin is its ability to stretch and then return to its previous state. Imagine invisible rubber bands that pull the skin back. However, as we age, those rubber bands weaken, and the skin becomes loose. Since the law of gravity is the one we all have to obey, our skin eventually begins to sag. As time goes on, the laughter lines and fine wrinkles become more prevalent and can affect how we feel about ourselves.

As people age over time, they have a way of changing both psychological and biological. These changes affect everyone in different ways and the changes that can take place over the years can vary from individual to individual. “For the human brain, there's no such thing as over the hill. Psychologists researching the normal changes of aging have found that although some aspects of memory and processing change as people get older, simple behavior changes can help people stay sharp for as long as possible. Although researchers are still piecing together what happens in a healthy aging brain, they can explain some typical changes” (Memory Changes in Older Adults, 2006).

With aging, there are natural changes that occur in the body, these changes affect they way the body response to pharmaceuticals. The absorption, metabolism and excretion of many drugs decrease, requiring that doses of some drugs be adjusted. As we age our small bowel surface area decrease, our gastric emptying becomes delayed and our gastric acid pH increases, all of these changes change the drug absorption by the body. Similarly metabolism of pharmaceuticals is also affected because as we age our hepatic metabolism decreases, along with the first-pass metabolism. In addition, the most important pharmacokinetic change worth mentioning that associated with aging is decreased renal elimination of drugs. With age it's common to have a lower muscle

with aging can be exasperating and chronic illnesses even so much more. Taking care of one’s

Over the last several years there has been much debate on the theories of aging. As we are aware, predicting how one will age, their life expectancy and when they will die is nearly impossible. However, researchers have separated the theories of aging into three main categories to help answer some of these questions and better understand the factors that influence the aging process. According to Edelman, Kudzma, and Mandle (2014), these are “biological theories of aging, sociological theories of aging and developmental theories of aging” (p.595). Of these, there are several theories that support each category. Researchers have identified the need to relate the aging process to one of these theories versus concluding that we die from old age

There is a wide range of physiological, psychological, and psychosocial changes associated with the aging process. Physiological effects are part of the aging process of the human body. Organ performance declines over an individual’s life span and can lead to heart disease, digestive issues, cognitive, vision, and hearing impairment. Psychosocial comprises social, mental health and emotional needs of an individual. Cognitive impairment is one of the major physiological changes that affects health issues in the aging. Cognitive impairment relates to a lesser degree of cognitive deficiency that is associated with a decreased quality of life that often progresses to dementia (Derouesne, 2002). Anxiety and depression can develop in the aging when dealing with physical health issues, loss of a loved one, or caring for a spouse with health issues.

The aging population is growing rapidly around the world. Although our life expectancy is longer, diagnosis of age-related disorders, such as dementia, and decline in various functions are not becoming less, if not more. It would be particularly informative to focus more research on the aging population in order to minimize the influence of functional decline in late adulthood. Therefore, research supporting a better understanding of the biological basis of the aging brain as well as protective factors against age-related disorders and declines, is critical for the development of prevention and treatment programs to address these aging issues.