Phytochemical Study Of Cassia Fistula Leaves

vulgare shown to have significant antibacterial activity in vitro as compared to some standard antibiotics[53]. Butanol and aqueous fractions of F. vulgare fruit showed intermediate free radical scavenging activity in vitro[54]. A group of rat pretreated with aqueous extract of F. vul-gare shown to have suppressed ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Also, this extract significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant activity[70]. Administration of methanolic extract of F. vulgare fruit orally to mice has been shown to suppress Type 4 allergic reactions as well as acute and subacute inflammatory responses and also shown moderate centeral analgesic effect. In addition, it significantly enhance plasma antioxidant status while suppressing lipid peroxidation chain

Traditionally, the root of A. racemosus has been widely used to increase fertility and libido, cures inflammation of sexual organs, enhances ovulation, prepares the womb for conception and prevents miscarriages (Kalia et al., 2003; Naik, 1988; Dwivedi & Tewari, 1991). Although, A. racemosus roots also known to possess estrogenic property (Tewari et al., 1968), but it has also been documented that at higher doses of A. racemosus, it maintains the balance between the endogenous female sex hormones (Sharma and Bhatnagar, 2011). Moreover, the ethno medical use of A. racemosus root as an anticonvulsant has been experimentally validated in our laboratory (unpublished data) as well as by other researchers too (references). The available literature reveals that the plant has not been explored with respect to its therapeutic potential as an anticonvulsant in catamenial epilepsy. But nowadays the virtual screening of the phytochemicals is believed to be a major tool for drug discovery beyond their ethnic use. Hence, an effort has been made to explore the pharmacological activities of Asparagus racemosus root using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) and Pharmaexpert. In line with in our current study, a PASS based analysis (Table 1 & 2) revealed the presence of different bioactive phytoconstituents which might be responsible as an anticonvulsant with the most significant possibility of getting effective in the management of catamenial

An ethos reflux microwave extractor (1000 W, Frequency 2450 MHz, Milestone, Italy) was used for the extraction. The extraction process was done in an enclosed vessels and no evaporation was observed. 10 g of homogeneous powdered Vernonia amygdalina leaf samples was mixed with a measured quantity of extracting solvent (distilled water or ethanol). The mixture was loaded into the microwave extractor and the parameters were set. After the extraction process, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was then dried using a rotary evaporator and stored in a 4 ºC prior to further

Whenever the Food and Drug Administration starts evaluating certain herbs for their benefit for aiding in the recovery of a medical illness, they usually attempt to isolate the alkaloids that are thought to be the cause for improvement. Whenever these elements are isolated, their chemical structure is also studied for the purpose of creating a "more efficient" product. Although the goal is produce a product that does not vary based off of growing conditions, such as location and quality of soil, there can sometimes be negatives that arrive as a result.

The dried powdered stems of E. calophrys (3 kg, 230-270 mesh) were macerated with methanol (MeOH, 3 x 7.5 L, 24 h each time) at room temperature and yielded a dried methanol extract as dark green gum (150 g). This extract was further fractionated using a silica gel VLC (10 x 5 cm, 150 g), eluted with n-hexane–ethyl acetate (from 8:2 to 0:10) followed by pure MeOH, and gave 5 main fractions (F1-F5) with weight of 1.1, 5.0, 10.3, 10.2, and 58.4 g, respectively. Main fraction F2 was re-fractionated using a silica gel VLC (5 x 5 cm, 50 g) and gradiently eluted with n-hexane–ethyl acetate (from 7:3 to 0:10) and MeOH as mobile phases, to yield subfractions F21 (0.2 g), F22 (1.0 g), F23 (0.8 g), and F24 (1.2 g). Subfraction F23 was chromatographed using a silica gel RC with chloroform–MeOH (95:5) and pure MeOH as mobile phases, to produce pure compound 1 (0.2 g). Furthermore, the main fraction F3 was subjected to a

It was found that chewing naturally occurring khat leaves does not lead to many toxicity repercussions, due to such a low concentration of the active psychostimulant being present (9). But with synthetic cathinones, high concentrations of the active

The total and successive extracts of the plants showed a dose-dependent inhibition of pain and pyrexia the most significant extract was PE extract 9, 12,15 octadecatrienoate (linolenic acid) is the major compound in the saponifiable fraction. Linolenic acid an ω-3 (18:3, n-3) fatty acid metabolized in the body to octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4, n-3), stearadonic acid (20:4, n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3) (Zurier., 1991). The later product has the capacity to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes from arachidoic acid. Essential fatty acids like linoleic and linolenic produce series 1 and 3 prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGE3) and inhibit the formation of series 2 prostaglandins (PGE2). The extracts may reduce pyrexia by reducing brain concentration of prostaglandin E2 especially in the hypothalamus ( Rang et al.,

The extraction of the active constituents from the leaves by chewing is very effective with only 9.1% remaining as a residue after chewing. The second adsorptive segment is the stomach and small intestine (Toennes et al.,

Noni plant found to be contained more than 160 phytoconstituents among them more than 120 phytoconstituents are nutraceutical that are biologically and pharmacologically active10.Some important phenolic compounds present in noni fruit like epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) epigallocatechin, epicatechin; flavonoids like kaempferol, quercetin, rutin and iridoid glycoside etc., which exhibits antioxidant properties are provided potential health benefits

25 plant species were used in traditional medicine to treat skin disease and to treat antimicrobial (viral, bacterial or protozoan) infections. This experiment was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of traditional Ghanaian medicines with special interest in anti-methicillin-resistant/react-text Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. Chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of these plants were arranged and agar-well diffusion tests, MIC's and MBC's were used to examine antimicrobial action. The extracts of 13 plant species showed the growth of one or more of the resulting bacteria, MRSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. Extracts from 11 of these 13 plant species also inhibited the growth of three or more of 14 additional clinical isolates of MRSA. Aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia were active against all 21 bacterial strains tested and showed the highest levels of antibacterial activity overall with MIC's against MRSA in the range of 1.6–3.1 mg ml and MBC's in the range of 6.3–12.5. The presence of antibacterial activity in extracts of Elaeophorbia drupifera, Rauwolfia vomitoria and the leaves of Solanum verbascifolium, plants traditionally used to treat skin infections, are reported for the first time. Extracts from Alchornea cordifolia, also used to treat wounds, had the widest spectrum of antibacterial

Essential oils are simply identified in terms of the plant they were derived from. It is essential due to the fact that it contains the necessary properties required for it to fulfill its roles in the body. In the recent years, Lena Hunt ingestible essential oils, completely organic and chemical free, have been found to provide various health benefits including the balancing of hormones within the body and hence preventing serious diseases including arthritis and joint problems, auto immune disorders and diseases, coughs and colds, chicken pox, fever, bites from insects and animals, hypertension and hypotension among other ailments. To realize the benefits from our essential products, consumption and usage should be done accordingly through

Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides as major components in the acetone methanolic, ethanol, chloroform extract of A. nilotica (Table 1). The anti-bacterial activity of plants that are widely used against human pathogen induced toxicity is majorly due to the presence of various secondary metabolites that bind directly to bacterial cell wall components and destroy their effect. Flavonoids and alkaloids isolated from A. nilotica plant species demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities anticancer activities of human pathogen. Presence of these active secondary

Standard compounds (rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and hyperoside) were prepared as 0.05% solution in methanol. The concentration of test extracts was diluted to 5mg/mL with methanol. 5 µL of both extracts and standard solutions were deposited on 20 x 20 cm glass TLC plates coated with silica gel (60 A) with flourescent indicator F254. After application of the samples, the TLC plate was allowed to dry and developped in a glass chamber. The glass chamber was allowed to equilibrate with the mobile phase comprising of ethyl acetate, formic acid and water in the ratio 8:1:1 (v/v), respectively, for at least 24 hours. After development the tlc plate was dried and visualtisation of flavonoids was achieved by spraying the plate with 1 % methanolic

As a biological model for the preliminary selection of components from a natural source, brine shrimp is lethality test. Clove essential oil obtained by hydro distillation and essential oil of Eucalyptus were purchased. Acquire from aerial parts, extracts and essential oil of D. furfurada did not show activity, but the essential oil from underground was functioning. (Brandao, et.al, 2013)

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side