Pilgrimage of Grace Dbq

Within this document grouping, Document 1 is unreliable due to bias. In Document 1, since it is extracted from the “Oath of Honorable Men”, the source is biased because this oath was required for marchers to take if they wanted to be a part of the movement; therefore we are not surprised that the marcher holds these opinions because if they wished to participate in the movement but did not necessarily agree with every statement said within the oath, they would have no choice but to repeat it due to pressures from other marchers and desire to fight in the uprisings for several other reasons than simply to reinstate the Catholic Church.

Source 9 and 7 disagrees with the statement and tells us that Henrys wish to divorce Catherine of Aragon was the driving force in the break from Rome. Source 9 is a letter written by Eustace Chapuys it tells us of his suspicions to why Cranmer was promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury, “to the great astonishment of everybody”. He tells us that it is suspected that Cranmer has been made Archbishop as he “may authorise the new marriage in this parliament and can grant the necessary divorce”. Promoting Cranmer to Archbishop so hastily without consulting the Pope shows a clear break and the cause is shown to be the Henrys haste to gain the “necessary divorce”. Source 7 says about the Act in Restraint of Appeals that “in earlier drafts of the act, specific reference was made to the King’s divorce and the problems of succession”, this shows that one of the main pieces of legislation surrounding the break from Rome contained the personal matter of the King’s divorce, showing it was an important factor. However the validity of Source 9 is questionable as it is written by the ambassador to Charles V. Charles V was Catherine of Aragon’s nephew so Chapuys would probably place Catherine’s importance, in the break with rome, first.

Another of the things Henry changed in order to increase the countries income was recognizances. Recognizances were a source of income that, quoting on the photocopy, “…which Henry developed to a fine art.” They were a tool used by Henry so all the nobles obeyed the law. If a noblemen or noblewomen did something that offended the king or if they had a public misconduct they would be forced to pay a fine, or also called recognizance which was an definite amount of money. It was all controlled by the Council Learned, which also took care of the kings debts. Henry was also lucky to have a small family to give money to, unlike Edward, who gave great amounts of money to his family. With all this explained above, “At the end of the century, revenue from royal estates was in excess of £100,000 a year”. This quota was found on a website that mainly talks about henry and his money. Its value is that it s a fact that happened during the reign of Henry VII. Its purpose is to show how Henry increased the income of the crown and its limitation, is that it’s a secondary source so we don’t know how accurate it is. Most of the money he made, though, was thanks to the recognizances, so to the nobles. Some of the nobles didn’t necessarily like him for many reasons, that was one of them.

The English Reformation was a detailed process, in 16th-century England, where the Church of England broke ties with the authority of the pope and the Roman Catholic Church. It all began with King Henry VIII marriage with Catherine of Aragon. After years of marriage Catherine had not produced a male heir who survived into adulthood angering the King. With this in mind King Henry will set his eyes own Anne Boleyn who was a maid of honor to Queen Catherine. By the late 1520s, Henry wanted his marriage to Catherine annulled, claiming it to be invalid due to the fact that Catherine was his late brothers wife making it wrong for Henry VIII to be allowed to marry her. In 1527 Henry asked the Pope, Pope Clement VII, to annul his marriage. The pope refused in fear of the Queen’s nephew, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. this

In “‘Twelve Articles’ of the Peasants during the German Peasants’ Revolt”, the peasants address to their indefinite ruler that they “are ready and willing to pay the fair tithe of grain” (1), and they “will let [lords] demand only what is just and proper” (1). The peasants were aware of the greedy, clerical abuses of power by pastors, but they were unwilling to accept paying more than fair to support “a decent and sufficient maintenance” (1) for the pastor. This is similar to the “Manifesto of the Peasants of Angoumois,” that showed that the peasants were aware that the burden of taxation from the centralizing France state was put onto the poor peasantry, rather than the richer Middle Class. The peasants in this developing absolutist monarchy attempted to state that “those with sufficient property” (3) should pay the taille, “without regard to personal connections and without fear of the power of the rich” (3). In both these documents, neither state’s peasantry refused taxation or had a desire to change the system. This reactionary idea is also present in the “‘Twenty-Nine Demands’ of Kett’s Rebellion” from England in 1549. This direct list of demands to the definite monarch from the peasantry, was in a request “to redress and

During the constant changes of Europe’s religious stances in the 16th century, many countries were fighting for a their own religious standpoint. This unrest lead to revolts and wars and because of the subject’s religious differences in a socially unstable society, these conflicts came between and divided the country. This issue was greatly shown in England, where new governmental policies made participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace to worry for the well being of the commoners in the country. These participants also started to work towards punishing Thomas Cromwell, the head of the King’s council. Those opposed to the movement worried for order, and continued to work for a successful commonwealth.

Henry VIII married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon, in a political marriage (much like most weddings of the time). When Catherine of Aragon had stillborn children as well as early infancy deaths to all of their children, except Mary, Henry VIII began to worry that he would not have a son to heir the thrown. He began to petition the court for an annulment, so that we could marry his mistress Ann of Boleyn. At first Catherine, was kept in the dark of Henry's plans, he was using the text of Leviticus to justify his annulment. In the book of Leviticus, it states that if a man takes his brother's wife they shall remain childless. Even though they had a healthy daughter, Mary, this

Cramner appealed to Parliament to confirm that Henry’s marriage to Catherine was invalid. Henry secretly marries a lady in his court, Anne Boleyn, in 1533. He decides to officially break with the Catholic church the following year and makes himself the head of the Church of England. He appoints Cramner as his new Archbishop and Cramner publicly declares the marriage between King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon as invalid.

King Henry VIII married Catherine, who was a devote Catholic and they had one daughter named Mary, but Henry wanted a son. Anne Boylen was a lady in waiting to the Queen, when she and Henry became very good friends, wanting more Anne convinced Henry to reach out to the Pope and get a divorce so that Anne could then marry Henry and become Queen. The Pope said no and so Henry created the Church of England so that he could marry Anne. With Henry leaving the Catholic Church, this is when the Puritans began seeing the immoral and lax attitude the Nobility and the Church of England had towards the rules of the Bible and God.

As king of England, Henry has the power and the unquestionable authority to act based off his own desires even if they are not legally or morally acceptable. Because his current wife, Catherine, who was also his brother’s widow, has failed to birth a son, he wishes to divorce her and take Queen Anne as his new wife. Without a male heir to the throne, Henry’s lineage will come to an end and England will be left without a successor. He admits this to More during their meeting in Act 1, saying,

Leading up the English reformation King Henry was married to Catherine of Aragon and had many attempts at giving birth to a male heir as a result of this King Henry began to tire of this married and looked elsewhere to Anne Boleyn and became what historians refer to as “infatuated” with her, wanting an annulment Henry asked the Pope at the time Clement VII to grant him one and utilized his knowledge of the Old Testament to give reason to his request stating that Leviticus 20:16 said “If a man shall take his brother’s wife, it is an impurity; he hath uncovered his brother’s nakedness; they shall be childless” Henry also referred to his marriage with Catherine as “blighted in the eyes of God" However the pope did not grant one because it goes against the Catholic faith, one underling reason is the fact that one of the most powerful monarchs in Europe was Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor who’s kingdom spanned over Spain, Germany and Italy this accumulated to nearly 4 million square kilometers in land. Charles was the nephew of Catherine and if an annulment was to occur it was likely that Charles would take it to offence causing the Western Catholic

His desire for Anne increased his efforts to secure an annulment from his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. During their eighteen-year marriage, Catherine had failed to give Henry a male heir to the throne of England, only producing a daughter, Mary. In 1527 Henry asked the Pope for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine so that he could marry Anne. Because the Pope did not grant Henry his wish, he and his Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which proclaimed the King as head of the Church of England. Although Henry VIII himself was a religious conservative, England slowly began to create the branch of

that Mary told Bernadette to find a spring. She did and in 1862 it was

Henry VIII went back to the Pope wanting an annulment from Catherine with a “small” donation to

Henry VIII, after nullifying his marriage to his first wife Catherine of Aragon, would marry Anne Boleyn. Their daughter, Elizabeth I, would become Queen of England following her brother and sister. Protestant like her mother, many believed that a Catholic should once again sit upon the throne, and Mary, Queen of Scots, was a solid