Pineal Gland Cell Tumors

It is the use of high-powered x-rays that destroy tumor cells. A radiation oncologist is the doctor who specializes in radiation therapy. There are two types of radiation therapy: 1.) external-beam radiation which is given from a machine outside the body and 2.) internal radiation which is given using implants. The external-beam radiation therapy is much more common than internal radiation. It can be directed at the tumor in many ways such as conventional radiation therapy, 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. Choosing one of these techniques depends on the size and location of the

One other treatment for lung cancer is radiation. Doctors can use radiation before surgery to shrink a tumor. After

Radiotherapy, also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with radiation. Radiotherapy is used when the entire primary tumor cannot be surgically removed. Radiotherapy deposits energy

Neurological Cancer Brain cancer develops from cells within the brain. The brain controls the vital functions of the body, including, speech, movement, thoughts, feelings, memory, sight, hearing, and more. Brain cancer affects people in many different ways. Brain cancer is diagnosed at the local stage in 76.6% of people. The 5-year

ncidentaloma is a tumor that does not show any symptoms until it is discovered by some types of examinations that were not previously planed. Adrenal cortex, a part of the adrenal gland, is where most of the adrenal tumors develop. Adrenal cortex tumors can have either benign or cancerous properties.

Surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible. High-energy rays (radiation therapy) to help shrink or kill the tumor. There are different types of radiation therapy,

American Cancer Society says, “The term neuro refers to nerves, while blastoma refers to a cancer that affects immature or developing cells.” It is usually found in the small glands on top of the kidneys. The glands are called adrenal glands. Places where it can develop are the belly, chest, neck, pelvis, and bones. Possible symptoms can include fatigue (a feeling of tiredness or exhaustion or a need to rest because of lack of energy or strength), loss of appetite, and fever. Mayo Clinic says, “There may be a lump or compression of tissues in the affected area.” Treatments for the cancer include surgery or chemotherapy. For smaller tumors that have not spread, surgery is usually the only treatment needed. American Cancer Society, “If the tumor is in the abdomen (belly), the surgeon may do the biopsy with the aid of a laparoscope. This is a long, thin tube with a tiny video camera on the end. It is put into the abdomen through a small incision to allow the surgeon to see inside. The surgeon then makes a second small incision to reach inside the abdomen with long, thin instruments and remove pieces of tumor.” Alex’s original tumor of Neuroblastoma was in her adrenal gland. They did a similar process to Alex for the surgery, except for that they had to make an incision near the kidney to remove the tumor from her

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma which is also known as nasopharyngeal cancer or cancer of the nasopharynx. It is a cancer that begins in the upper part of the throat behind the nose and near the base of the skull. The nasopharynx is the upper part of the throat, the pharynx, which lies

There are different types of cancers. There is Leukemia, Breast cancer, Throat Cancer, and more. Then, theres the cancers that not a lot of people think about. Cancers that exist, but are unknown to most people. They are very rare and not a lot of people have it, but it’s still there affecting people in the same ways, even worse, that any known cancer affects people. One of the is Central Nervous System AT/RT Cancer.

KEY WORDS: Endoscopic drainage, Cystic, Craniopharyngioma, Introduction Craniopharyngiomas usually emerge in the infundibulo-hypophyseal axis of the sella and suprasellar region occupies the suprasellar cisterns, however may extend in any direction. The horizontal extension of the tumor may be anteriorly into the pre-chiasmatic cistern and sub-frontal space, may extend laterally into the sub-temporal space, or may extend posteriorly into the prepontine and interpeduncular cisterns, cerebellopontine angle and then to the foramen magnum. 7 However, rarely extensive tumors may extend anteriorly in the pre-chiasmatic cistern and posteriorly into the 3rd ventricle and down along the clivus. Approximately 4 % of the cases have posterior fossa extension. 2,6

Superior and posterior spread :The superior and posterior aspects of the nasopharynx are made by the base of skull and the first two cervical vertebral bodies. Superior extension of NPC can result in erosion of the base of skull, the sphenoid sinus and the clivus. There are multiple foramina within the base of skull serving as the portals for entry into the cranium. The tumor can gain access to the cavernous sinus and the middle cranial fossa invading II–VI cranial nerves through the foramen lacerum, which is located immediately above the fossa of Rosenmuller. The tumor can gain access to the middle cranial fossa, the petrous temporal bone and the cavernous sinus through the foramen ovale. Posterior extension of NPC can result in direct

The age of onset and diseases associated allow prediction of transformation5. Larger lesions with a later onset typically remain stable, especially if the subject is over 25 years old5. It’s expected that if the lesion is recorded at a young age, it may go under small changes and enlarge5. Retinal astrocytic hamartomas can be a congenital or acquired finding. It is a common finding with a systemic diseases such as tuberous sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, or neurofibromatosis1. Systemic disorders will typically result in bilateral and multiple astrocytic hamartomas ,whereas idiopathic findings in a normal person will often result in unilateral and single lesions1,4.

Mediastinal tumors are best characterized by the compartment in which they originate. Malignant tumors of the anterior mediastinum are frequently due to lymphoma. Malignant tumors of the middle mediastinum are usually due to adenopathy from lymphoma or leukemia. Tumors of the posterior mediastinum are usually of neurogenic origin; with neuroblastoma being the most common (McCarville, 2010).

Introduction: Schwannoma also called as neurilemmoma was first described by Verocay in 1908 [1,2].It is a slow growing benign tumor arising from the schwann cells of nerve sheath.It is solitary and encapsulated tumor which can arise from any nerve with two notable exceptions the optic and olfactory nerves both of which lack Schwann cell encasement hence are not involved [3]. Approximately 25–45% of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck region [4].Most commonly affected nerve by schwannoma is the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve (acoustic neurinomas) [2,,5 ,6] .Schwannomas are rarely found perorally (only 1%) with tongue being the most common peroral structure involved [3,7,8].It has no predilection for sex or race and it is usually seen between the third and sixth decades of life[9].Schwannoma tongue

Several methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used to treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped