Pioglitazone: III & IV Heart Failure

Are there any contraindications for this drug? Hypersensitivity, cross-sensitivity with other NSAID’s such as aspirin, history of allergic reactions, asthma, advanced renal disease, hepatic dysfunctions, perioperative pain.

The potential complications if you do not stay compliant with the regimen are; low potassium which can lead to muscle cramps, weakness and fatigue, constipation, difficulty breathing, or an abnormal heart rhythm; Acute kidney failure

Dosage should be reduced in patients with decreased hepatic function or diminished hepatic blood flow, (Older-adult patients; patients with cirrhosis, shock, or HF) to reduce toxicity. Furthermore, lidocaine is also contraindicated for patients with Strokes-Adams syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and severe degrees of SA, AV, or intraventricular block in the absence of electronic pacing. Moreover, one should be cautious when using lidocaine in patients with hepatic dysfunction or impaired hepatic blood flow. Also, note that lidocaine is contraindicated for patients with a history of serious allergic reactions to these drugs.

It is also related that the oral and inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists are used for maintenance therapy. However, systemic or parental and oral are contraindicate for high-risk patients with tachycardia associated with digitalis toxicity, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, organic heart disease, hypertension or angina pectoris.

Short-term effects are increased respiration, rapid heart rate, decreased appetite, increased physical activity, irregular heartbeat, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure (www.drugabuse.gov). The long-term effects include: skin sores, extreme weight loss, and severe dental problems, as well as higher risk of contracting infectious diseases (www.drugabuse.gov).

Zocor is the brand name of simvastatin, developed by an American company called Merck & Co. Originally, the research was done by a biochemist named Akira Endo in the Sankyo Company. This drug is now used to treat various lipid disorders and patients at high risk for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).

The prolonged use can cause adverse effects and cause antibiotic resistance and create “superbugs” as well as disrupt the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The other issue is that an accurate diagnosis needs to be found so that correct treatment can be followed8.

Long-term effects: If left untreated for a long time CSA can lead to high blood pressure, heart failure, depression, stroke, weight gain, and diabetes.

The health issues listed here are just a glance at what this drug can do to one’s health.

memory loss, brain damage, breathing problems, reduced blood flow to the brain as well as a

It can also cause defects in the heart and spine, intellectual disability, delays in physical development, behavioral problems, and being impaired hearing and visually.

Some of the ill effects of the drugs are damage to the kidneys and liver. A person can also change the balance of the natural hormones. This can

The most common side effects are itching, rashes, easy bruising, increased bleeding from injuries and purplish spots on the skin. The purplish spots are caused by small amounts of bleeding under the skin and bleeding from wounds can be difficult to stop.

Adverse reactions to this medication are migraine, speech disorders, rhinitis, sinusitis, hyperglycemia, elevated liver function, elevated serum creatinine level, pancytopenia, bronchitis, dyspnea, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis, elevated creatine kinase, generalized pain, and infection. Nursing considerations with this medication is to have the patient swallow the whole tablet and not to chew. Watch for aspiration while watching the patient take the medication. Educate the patient about the medication and inform them to notify a physician if bleeding

Other side effects include cloudy urine, proteinuria, irregular heartbeats, and chest pain. Angioedema involving the extremities, face, lips, mucous membranes, tongue, glottis or larynx has been seen in patients treated with ACE inhibitors, including captopril (Capoten, 2014). If these effects happen nurses should be ready to administer epinephrine to reduce swelling. Other adverse effect according to Karch (2014) include, “CV: Tachycardia, angina pectoris, heart failure, MI, Raynouds syndrome, hypotension in salt-or volume depleted patients.”