Pituicytomas In Bipolar Tumors

The primary ones include these types. Gliomas, the most common brain tumor involving the brain tissue. There are different grades and even types of gliomas. But if the tumor grade is higher, it will probably grow faster. Medullblastomas are brain tumors that in young children. Without treatment it will spread rapidly into the spinal fluid and other parts of the brain. But almost or half of the brain tumors found are benign. These types of brain tumors are usually Meningiomas and Neuromas. Meningiomas begin in the tissue membranes. Neuromas are in the nerves mostly in people over

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the extra-adrenal autonomic paraganglia, small organs consisting mainly of neuroendocrine cells that are derived from the embryonic neural crest and have the ability to secrete catecholamines (1). They are closely related to pheochromocytomas, which are sometimes referred to as intra-adrenal paragangliomas (2). The majority appear to be sporadic, but approximately one-third to one-half are associated with an inherited syndrome (3, 4). The four genetic syndromes that are associated are: multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and 2B, neurofibromatosis type 1, von Hippel Lindau, and the Carney-Stratakis dyad. The male-to-female ratio is approximately equal among patients with hereditary paraganglioma,

This pituitary tumor can also be referred to as a pituitary adenoma, and they are most often benign. This form of Cushing’s syndrome is more common in women and is the most common form of endogenous Cushing’s disease. The tumor of the pituitary gland secretes overly large amounts of ACTH, which then stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and secrete more cortisol than necessary. Another tumor-related cause of Cushing’s syndrome is when a tumor forms on an organ that does not usually produce ACTH. The tumor produces and secretes excess ACTH which then leads to the overproduction of cortisol. These tumors are called ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors, and they can be malignant or benign. Ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors are commonly found in the pancreas, thyroid, thymus gland, and lungs.

CNS tumors represent the second most frequent tumor of childhood and the most common pediatric solid tumor; approximately 2,200 patients under the age of 20 are diagnosed each year with invasive CNS tumors, and CNS tumors are the number one cause of death from childhood cancer. [1] Therapeutic strategies generally involve surgery as a primary intervention, but complete resection is often not possible due to tumor location. In such cases, adjunct therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may be required based on the tumor histology and presence of residual tumor. [2]

the American Cancer Society there are benign tumors, which are rare and often develop in

Ependymoma is a type of brain tumor and while it is rare in adults, accounting for 2-3% of brain tumors, ependymoma is mainly found in children and accounts for around 5% of all childhood brain cancers (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2014, January 31; American Brain Tumor Association [ABTA], n.d.). The survival rate of patients with ependymoma who have survived five years after their tumor is detected is 75% Tumors occur when cells grow to excess and form a mass. While some tumors are benign, meaning that they are harmless, others are malignant, or cancerous. Ependymoma is a malignant cancerous brain tumor (“American Society of Clinical Oncology [ASCO]– Childhood,” n.d.). The tumor appears as soft, grey or red tumors and could comprise of cysts or mineral calcifications.

“The pituitary adenoma itself may put pressure on the remaining normal part of the pituitary gland and limit or destroy its ability to produce hormones appropriately” (Stewart & Vance). With the increase in tumor pressure the patient may experience nausea and vomiting. The pituitary adenoma may cause body hair loss, sexual dysfunction, increase frequency and increase amount of urination. The pituitary adenoma is growth hormone secreting tumor causing the hands and feet to enlarge (www.mayoclinic.org). A growth hormone adenoma is the reason for the unexplained weight gain and the change in shoe size from 10 to 12.

Primary brain tumors start in the brain tissue and they are classified by the type of tissue that they occur in. Gliomas are the most common type and they occur in glial tissue. Gliomas are further broken down into Astrocytomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Ependymomas. Astrocytomas come from small cells in the shape of a star called astrocytes. These tumors can grow in any place on the spinal cord or in the brain. For adults, the most often form in the cerebrum and for children they form in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. There are different grades to the tumors and they have different names depending on grade level. Oligodendrogliomas are produced in cells that have myelin. These tumors usually occur in the cerebrum. Additionally, they are slow to grow and do not spread. Ependymomas form in ventricles' lining and can also grow in the spinal cord. They commonly occur in childhood and adolescence but like all tumors can occur at any

ATC likely arises from the loss of differentiation of other thyroid carcinomas, including papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. Mutations of the proto-oncogenes,

Gliomas are primary brain tumors, which mean they start in the brain. They are a fairly common type of brain tumor. These types of tumors originate in the glial cells. Glial cells in the brain surround and support neurons. Because Gliomas often intermix with normal brain tissue, they are called intrinsic brain tumors. Gliomas show up in three different types of cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Astrocytomas will be produced by an astrocyte, an oligodendroglioma will be produced by an oligodendrocyte and epedymomas will be produced by an ependymal cell. If there is a mixture of these cells, then it is called a mixed

Current investigations indicate that Central neurocytoma could be of astrocytic origin or mixed lineages. Immunohistochemical tests shows multiple positive markers of neural cell that includes synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, neuronal specific nuclear protein , and neuron specific class III beta tubulin. In addition to dense core vesicles and parallel microtubules are present in pathology. The tumor also shows positive neurofilament (NF) staining but some of the Central Neurocytoma fails to show consistent pathology. Unfortunately, the Immunohistochemical studies are not specific to draw a concrete conclusion to the origin of neurocytoma. Von Deimling et al. investigation indicated that Central neurocytoma shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Syn, which is related to reactive astrocytes. Other studies were unable to attain the same results. In vitro, the tumor cells tend to become glial cells regardless of the medium of the culture. In vivo, the origin of the cells is not clear. Some researches hypothesize that CN arise from neural stem cells surrounding the ventricle zones. This hypothesize was based on high levels of choline, cholinergic receptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and normal or low levels of glutamate and catecholamines. Kim et al also showed the presence of Musashi-1, and the neuroep- ithelial enhancer gene nestin. These results point towards possible genetic properties to

An Astrocytoma is a type of tumor that is created by star-shaped cells called astrocytes. These astrocytes are the largest and most numerous type of neuroglia in the Central Nervous System, and make up the supportive tissue of the brain. Because of the size and number of astrocytes they are the most common Central Nervous System tumor. Although Astrocytomas are so common, the cause remains unknown. Researchers believe that genetics could be a part of the cause of Astrocytomas. Astrocytes combine with other support cells called Oligodendrocytes and Ependymal cells to make up glial tissue. Tumors within the glial tissue are referred to as gliomas. This means that an Astrocytoma is a glioma tumor, and can be broken down into four grades or levels based off of how aggressive the tumor is.

Furthermore, Pineal Region tumors don't have to involve the pineal gland The different types of tumors that truly come from pineal gland cells are mixed pineal tumors, pineoblastoma, and pineocytoma. The types of tumors that can occur in the pineal region but don't necessarily have pineal gland cells are germinoma, non- germinoma, dermoid cysts, meningiomas, astrocytomas, and gangliogliomas. The pineal gland cells come from the pineal gland which is located at the back of the third ventricle. A ventricle in the brain is a cavity filled with fluid. The pineal gland tumors are all different like the Pineocytoma is only a grade II tumor that slowly grows while the Pineoblastoma can be a grade IV aggressive tumor or a grade III intermediate. There is also the mixed pineal tumors that have unique combinations of different cell types. Symptoms associated with this type of tumor are mainly due to the cerebrospinal fluid flow being blocked as well as eye movement being compromised. The main symptoms are vomiting, double vision, and headaches. Pineal Region tumors are thought to have a connection to chromosomal abnormalities and the main treatment is radiation therapy and possibly surgery. Additionlly, to help with the diagnosis of this type of tumor many patient will have to have MRI and CT scans to see the size are

Follicular tumors, on the other hand, grow only on one side of the gland. These tumors develop in the hormone-producing cells and account for 30% - 50% of all thyroid cancers (Thackery 1057). Medullary thyroid tumors account for 5% - 7% of all thyroid cancers, and are usually uncommon. Like papillary tumors, they grow on one or both sides of the gland. Anaplastic tumors, though extremely rare, develop on either side of the thyroid gland and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. It account for only 2% of all thyroid cancers but is the fastest growing, and most aggressive thyroid cancer type (Thackery 1057).

Some other research about Brown tumors is that, Brown Tumors appear around 10% of the cases that have to do with a kidney disease. The tumor can be found anywhere in the skeleton. The most common parts that can be found are in the ribs, clavicle and the pelvis. 4.5% have been found in the mandibular, which is your