Pivot Landing Research Papers

An injury to the ACL is classified as a sprain. A sprain is a joint injury that causes a stretch or a tear in a ligament. Sprains are graded I, II, or III depending on how severe the injury is. A grade I sprain will have pain with minimal damage to the ligaments. A grade II sprain is going to have more ligament damage and mild looseness of the joint. Finally, in a grade III sprain, the ligament is completely torn and the joint is very loose or unstable. A grade III sprain, simply called an ACL tear, is most often a sports-related injury. Still, The ACL can be torn in other instances such as during rough play, vehicular collisions, falls, and work –related injuries. According to a study performed by Jonathan Cluett, M.D., about 80% of sports-related ACL tears are “non-contact” injuries. This means that the injury does not result from any contact with another athlete. A rupture to the ACL is the result of the ligament within the knee being overstretched. This is usually caused by a “plant-pivot” mechanism (a stop and twist motion) of the knee, or a blunt force to the front of the knee. Other factors include quick changes of motion, twisting or torquing, or landing from a jump. Hyperextension is most

Recovering from a serious knee injury and returning to pre-injury levels can be a difficult task to overcome, but it has been proven possible to do this. Improper injury protocols and the injuries themselves are two of the largest factors in professional athletes not having elongated and successful careers. ACL, MCL, PCL, LCL, and Patellar Tendonitis are the most common knee injuries in which athletes sustain. Sustaining a knee injury at the highest and most competitive levels of basketball can make the injury and recovery process much more difficult and stressful, however. Depending on the injury, it can take a very extended amount of time for the knee to return back to its normal functioning, especially since damaging one part of the knee does not come without other injuries. A permanent and career ending injury may be the result if the proper percussions are not taken throughout the recovery process.

The magnitude of the problem is clear, as a high incidence of ACL injury, particularly in young athletes. Recent evidence suggests that more than half of athletes who undergo ACL surgery are unable to return to their preinjury level of function after ACLR surgery. Return to sports activities remains a very difficult topic. Thus the research regarding the rehabilitation process of athlete after

Each year, approximately a quarter of a million physically active young people experience an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and seventy percent of these ACL injuries will be sustained while engaging in non-contact activities such as sudden deceleration while landing (Begalle et al., 2012). This type of injury is grossly detrimental not only on the occasion in which it occurs but also for the subsequent years to come. The majority of individuals who injure their ACL also go on to either, re-injure that same ACL, or injure the opposite knee. Furthermore, our bodies are put in tremendously vulnerable planes of motion during sporting events, especially during activities such as, basketball, football, or soccer. In this day

Lowering this rate would allow female athletes of all levels to have a lower probability of ACL injury. Sex difference has proven that female athletes are more likely to have an ACL injury than males. Since we are unable to change our sex (intrinsic factor), the focus must then be placed on the factors that can be modified. A list of these factors include: preparation, skill acquisition (from a young age), and playing style (Ireland, 1999). The factors listed are all controllable extrinsic factors, focusing on these and the partially controllable factors could aid in the prevention of ACL injuries in

There have been higher incidences of serious knee injuries among female sports, especially those that include jumping and pivoting. In particular, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are more commonly found in female sports. Previous research has shown ACL injuries are primarily due to noncontact mechanisms that include sudden deceleration, landing, and pivoting maneuvers (Mihata, Beutler, & Boden, 2006; Yu & Garrett, 2007). High-risk sports such as basketball and soccer expose athletes to these potential injuring forces. Despite the many similarities between male and female sports, females often have a higher rate of ACL injures (Mihata et al., 2006).

There are several different kinds of "common" injuries such as a broken leg, rolled ankle, or a sprained knee. The one I will be researching and describing is the ACL injury. Which is one of the most common sports injuries? As Medical Definition states, "The ACL is a ligament in the knee that crosses from the underside of the femur (the thigh bone) to the top of the tibia (the bigger bone in the lower leg)." In essence, the ACL is a vital part of an athlete 's lateral lower body movement which is crucial in any sport where an athlete or a person moves their legs. Therefore players who participate in any kind of activity that involves moving their lower body need their ACL to function in their activity, or just to even

Football and track and field involve repetitive bouts of quick acceleration for short and long periods, sudden changes in direction of maximum force may contribute to the high rate of hamstring strain commonly found amongst these sports. (Ropiak & Bosco, 2012). Regardless of all the aforementioned studies, there is not one exact cause of injury during high speed, kicking sports (Lees, Asai, Andersen, Nunome, & Sterzing,

There have been many studies done to explain the higher rate of ACL injury in female athletes. The most convincing findings relate to knee kinematics and neuromuscular control. In a study of 20 subjects (10 male and 10 female) forces from jump tasks were recorded using 3-D videography and force plates. One conclusion from the study was that force on the ACL was greatest during the landing phase of a jump tasks. Females frequently showed more leg extension and valgus movements during the landing phase, which also puts more stress on the ACL (Chappel et all, 2002). A similar study found that internal rotation combined with valgus movement creates

With an ever increasing number of people becoming involved with athletic activities, there is an increasing number of injuries occurring which can be devastating for the individual. Most of the injuries that affect athletes occur in one of four structures in the human body: bones, muscles, tendons, or ligaments. Because ligaments attach bone to bone and play a major part in providing stability for joints, the major stabilizing ligament in the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), assists in performing everyday actions of the human body including sitting, standing, walking, running, dancing, and participating in other sports. The injury that specifically affects this ligament is very serious and always

This study included 28 patients who underwent ACL surgery performed by the same 2 surgeons and standard rehab protocol was done in the same physical therapy clinic, with all the same exercises and progressions. The Battery Test uses exercise analysis to grade the participants. The exercises include measurement of isokinetic strength, single hop for distance, triple hop, side hop, and a jump-landing assessment. There were also patient surveys that asses their feelings about the overall health of their knee. The participants completed this testing 6 months after surgery, which is the average RTP time frame for basic ACL rehab protocol. Out of all 28 patients, only 2 individuals passed this test and can be considered safe for RTP. This information is extremely important for anyone who has the authority to grant RTP to any athlete. Allowing patients back to play too soon is extremely dangerous and can cause further injury. Using this specific test to determine RTP decisions is a great technique to utilize in athletic

“The hamstrings and quadriceps are important to the stability of the knee joint. When there is a deficit in the strength of a hamstring, in comparison to that of quadriceps, an athlete is more likely to be predisposed to an ACL injury” (Krick, 2001, pg. 5). “Female, athletes in specific, rely heavily on their quadriceps to jump and pivot, therefore, a female’s quadriceps are stronger than their hamstrings. Because female athletes heavily rely on their quadriceps more, it reduces their knee stability” (Krick, 2001, pg. 6).

Non-contact ACL tears are more common in sports that require jumping and pivoting. (Washington, 2009, pg. 1)

An ACL is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) which is a ligament in the knee and is an essential internal stabilizer of the knee joint and helps in restraining hyperextension. It is injured when it’s when the biomechanics of this ligaments limits are exceeded or over stretched, often with a hyperextended mechanic. It was thought that

ACL tears are the most common type of knee injuries seen in athletes. The ACL is viewed as the most important ligament in the entire knee. To elaborate, it helps provide stability throughout the entire leg. Although the majority of these injuries result from contact sports, such as football, some result from non contact sports, such as tennis, as well. This injury can result from overstretching the anterior ligament or completely tearing it (Brown University, n.d.). According to Brown University (n.d.) in a study by the National Football League, 100% of football players suffering from ACL injuries, through a five year span, required some sort of surgery. In contrary, an ACL injury recovery time can be more accurately determined in comparison to concussions. In most instances an athlete’s recovery time can vary from six to nine months. Though knee injuries have more