Planarian Essay

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Classical conditioning is achieved by manipulating reflexes. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a

Patterns are also a key point in self-organizing systems and are found in both the development of artificial intelligence and the traumatized brain through classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which two stimuli become associated with each other, causing a neutral stimulus, which is a stimulus normally not perceived as noteworthy, to be conditioned to cause an involuntary response. In order for the learning system of the AI to form, a pattern must first be set for the program to follow and build off of. Once the pattern has been

There are three major methods of learning. Which are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behavior via the process of association. In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. There are three stages of classical conditioning stage 1: Before

“Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus”.

In the experiment, students conditioned planaria to either avoid or approach light. The process included a learning phase and a memory phase for both experiments 1 and 2. The planaria were placed in a plywood track to be trained. Conditioning for approach light was done by shining the light on the planaria for 30 seconds and then turning the light off. When the light was off, air was blown at the heads of the planaria so that they turned around. This process was repeated and trials were recorded for when the planaria turned on their own without the puff of air. The same process was done for conditioning the planaria to avoid light, except the planaria received puffs of air to the head with the light shining on them. The second portion

This lab is focused on the ideas of classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response. In time this turns the neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus that causes a conditioned response. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments for behavior and encourages associating desirable or undesirable outcomes with certain behaviors.

Classical conditioning refers to the learning through association. It involves learning a new behavior through the process of association

The planaria regenerated due to the huge amounts of stem cells in its body. The stem cells were able to help the planaria regenerate a head and grow to its original size. If the planaria did not have any stem cells, it would not have been able to regenerate and would have died after being its head was cut off. An experimental error that occurred was that one of the planaria died due to living conditions and was not able to completely

In 1903 a Russian physiologist by the name of Ivan Pavlov first developed an experiential model of learning called Classical Conditioning (Lautenheiser 1999). An example if Classical Conditioning would be ringing a bell when it is time for your pet to eat. The pet hears the bell and over time is conditioned that when the bell rings its dinner time thus begins to salivate, and eventually learns to be conditioned to responding to the bell in a specific manner. The bases was that neutral stimulus would be put together with an excitatory one and over time the neutral stimulus would, at some point down the line elicit the response that was associated with the original unlearned response. Pavlov later added an element known as the nonexcitatory, conditioned stimulus which is but together with an unconditioned stimulus (Lautenheiser 1999).

Planarians are one of the most simplest organisms out there in the world, and they have a stunning ability, regeneration. These flatworms are bi-directionally regenerating

The behaviourist school of thought sought to prove that behaviour could be predicted and controlled. Often using animals in their experiments, they studied how changes in environment can affect behaviour. It was their belief that learning begins with a clean slate and that behaviour is acquired by conditioning. They suggest that the learner’s response to stimuli can be reinforced and directed using positive or negative feedback.

Stem cell, being capable of giving rise to many other cells types, is one of the main developmental biology research methods in relation to flatworm regeneration. Major organisms, including flatworm taxa, are capable of showing little to no regeneration, leading to the observation of living species and how they interact to unravel the mechanism of regeneration, including aging. By utilizing the ability to observe BrdU labeling, used in cell proliferation, and maceration, the act of softening and breaking down skin due to moisture. Regeneration observed in living specimens showed to be a process that is completely successful when regeneration remained in the posterior-most pharynx level, otherwise failed if the animals lacked the brain & parts of the pharynx. Surprisingly, minimal cells are needed for a complete registration of the specimen, M. lignano that

When a planarian is cut segments one the anterior, the head, and the other segment the posterior, the tail, both segments will regenerate into two individual organisms. What is interesting is that both individuals retain their memory from when they were a single organisms (Caitlin 2015). These planaria also use a chemical called gradient to learn, this allows them to be subjected to classical conditioning. The reason these planarians are studied is because through these simple animals scientists wish to understand more about the memory and ability to learn of higher functioning animals such as

What are the biological constraints in Classical Conditioning? Report the procedure and results of two studies supporting your answer.