Planning & Health Assessment

In order to understand the cause and effects of type 2 diabetes on the body, it must first be asked “what is type 2 diabetes and what effects does it have on the body”? Firstly, there are two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an auto immune disease which results in the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, the body cannot absorb glucose in the cells which is needed to produce energy. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1. Type 2 diabetes, rather than destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, causes dysfunctions in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a condition that while insulin is being produced as it should, the cells are failing to respond properly to the insulin production. This is termed, insulin resistance. As the condition develops the body can stop responding to insulin completely, this is called insulin deficiency. Acutely this results in high blood glucose which can cause a variety of secondary illnesses. There are a range of causes of type 2 diabetes including genetic and environmental factors that affect beta cell function and insulin sensitivity. The majority of diabetes sufferers are obese with central adiposity. This means that excess adipose tissue must play a critical part in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The widely accepted reason for this is the

Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic illness this means that it has no cure and the symptoms persist over a long period of time. This illness is a result of an imbalance of hormones, insulin, produced in the pancreas. Insulin plays an important role in how the body uses food. Insulin enables the cells in the bloodstream to absorb and use glucose for fuel. If the pancreas produces too little or no insulin or if the insulin doesn’t work properly the person may become diabetic. Therefore, diabetics are not able to properly convert food into fuels needed by the body to function, which can seriously lead to physical consequences.

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Insulin resistance is the first physiological change occurring in type two diabetes. In these type two diabetic patients, insulin is unable to move glucose into liver, kidney and muscle cells although insulin is able to attach properly to the cell surface receptors. In order to rectify this, most patients with type two diabetes start secreting normal to very high levels of insulin, which can initially overcome this resistance. After a while, the pancreas cannot keep up with this high insulin production and the cells become resistant to glucose intake. Persistent hyperglycemia or high blood glucose levels are not desirable since this causes damage to the beta cells of the pancreas that produces the insulin hormone. This damage to beta cells further hampers insulin synthesis and patients at this stage are categorized as full-blown diabetic. Such patients consistently show a hyperglycemia state even after hours of fasting ( Hinkle & Cheever,

Type 2 diabetes is a self-caused disease that prevents your body from using and producing insulin correctly which leads to high levels of sugar in the blood. When people consume too much or too little sugar, it affects their insulin resistance, which causes the pancreas to not maintain the right amount of insulin to keep the body's

He said, diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs when the body doesn 't make enough of insulin, or the body doesn 't use insulin properly. Insulin is a key to regulation of blood glucose in our body. In types II diabetes a condition of when insulin insensitivity as a result of insulin resistance that decreases insulin production and eventual pancreatic beta-cell failure enough insulin to meet body needs. Impairment of beta- cell also can lead to problems with insulin production and resistance that can interfere with the process of glucose uptake in by cells and muscle. This condition leads to a decrease in glucose transport into the liver, muscle cells, and fat cells which can lead to a condition called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurs when there is a high level of blood glucose levels in our blood (Concepts Advisory Panel (2015) p.742).

People with type 2 diabetes make insulin, but their cells don't use it as well as they should. Doctors call this insulin resistance. At first, the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get glucose into the cells. But eventually it can't keep up, and the sugar builds up in your blood instead. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be so mild you don't notice

Type 2 diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is the body’s main source of fuel. Your body needs glucose to keep running. Here’s how the system is suppose to work: You get glucose from the food you eat and then the glucose travels into your bloodstream. Then your pancreas makes a hormone called insulin which helps the glucose get into the body’s cells. There for your body gets the energy it needs to function properly. The pancreas is a long, flat gland behind your stomach that helps you digests food, but also makes insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is like a key that opens the doors to the cell of the body. It's like a key because it lets the glucose in, which is only when then the glucose can move out of

Diabetes mellitus Type 2 also known as adult onset diabetes is the most common form of diabetes today. Type 2 Diabetes can be caused by a lack of insulin created or the cells in the body being insulin resistant. Insulin is needed for the body to be able to use glucose (sugar) as energy for the cells. Insulin resistance causes your body to create more insulin than you need in your body to compensate for the insulin your cells are not able to use. Over time the pancreas fails to make extra insulin. This is why Type 2 Diabetes is seen more in people over 65, according to the American Diabetes Association. Without a healthy body, the pancreas will be unable to produce extra insulin to account for the transferring of an adequate amount of blood glucose to the cells. With a low glucose level in the cells, the cells fail to fuel the body which can lead to cells being energy starved. A high glucose level in the blood can lead to damages to the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves over time. Even though Type 2

Of this 277,800, 137,200 are male and 140,600 are female (Newcastle.gov.uk, 2014). It is approximated that 22.8% of this population are aged 0-19 years with the remaining 77.2% of the population being aged 20-90+ (Newcastle.gov.uk, 2014). Furthermore it is estimated that 23.8% of school children are from a minority ethnic group (Chimat.org.uk, 2014).

Insulin resistance is a rather complicated phenomenon. First, it is important to note that insulin is a very important hormone in the human body and too much or too little of it leads to problems. Insulin governs appetite, satiety and blood sugar levels. It also appears to regulate fat accumulation on the body. When a person eats, the pancreas releases insulin and this insulin then pushes glucose from the consumed food into the cells. Any excess glucose is stored in the fat cells. When a person suffers from insulin resistance however, glucose cannot enter the cells. After many attempts, insulin finally manages to push some glucose into a few cells, but the excess is stored in fat

Diabetes is chronic disease that affects how the body uses glucose (sugar). The foods we eat (carbohydrates) that include glucose are then broken down by the chemicals in the stomach, and from there the bloodstream absorbs the sugars from the gastrointestinal tract. As soon as the glucose level rises in the blood it activates the pancreas to make insulin and release it into the bloodstream. The insulin then gets hold of the glucose in your blood and sends it to your other cells (such as the muscle cells and brain cells) so it could be used as energy. Type two diabetes is the effect of the body not creating enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels in the normal range. The glucose is less so it’s not able to enter the cells and do its job which is to get the surgars out of our blood. This is when insulin resistance kicks in, when you have more than enough or too much gllucose in your blood, your pancreas needs to make more insulin to take the extra glucose out of your blood. When your pancreas works overtime to get all the extra glucos out of your blood and deliever it to your other cells, can cause your pancreas to wear out from working to produce extra insulin and no longer be able to produce enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels normal. Everyone needs blood needs glucose but it can damage the body over time when it is too high. In type 2 diabetes the body doesn’t create enough insulin for the pancreas or the cells in the body don’t identify the insulin that is

Type 2: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, however the body doesn’t respond to it as it should, this is because the quantities of the insulin being produced are insufficient, or the body’s cells just don’t react to it and so the glucose levels in the system remain high. Type 2 diabetes is a ‘progressive disease’ and can get worse if it is not managed properly. Long term effects of high blood sugar can result in heart disease or kidney

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized either by beta cell failure resulting in inadequate production of the hormone insulin (which is responsible for the uptake of glucose in body cells from the blood), or insulin resistance leading to decreased tissue sensitivity or response to insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia (Mahan, Escott-Stump & Raymond, 2012). Insulin resistance is when cells of the body in target tissues of the muscle, liver and adipose cells fail to respond to insulin, even if there is a compensatory increase in insulin secretion (hyperinsulinemia) (Mahan et al., 2012).

Type 2 Diabetes is when the cells in your body doesn’t recognise the insulin that is present, or that the body doesn’t produce enough insulin to control the glucose (sugar) in the blood stream. So what happens is that the food consumed by people with type 2 diabetes gets broken down into glucose which then enters the bloodstream. Then the gastric hormones promote insulin secretion in response to glucose but then this is where the dilemma is for people with type 2 diabetes because the pancreas does produce the insulin needed but their body is resistant to it’s effects which is called insulin resistance. When the cells don’t recognise or allow the insulin to enter the cell the excess glucose gets absorbed by the cell lining in the blood vessels and become leaky and can become potentially blocked. This can cause the damage of small blood vessels and other major diseases such as eye, kidney failure and heart disease. So this is why people with type 2