Plant Fossils Chapter Summary

Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include, predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don’t do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These

The two primary causes of destruction of the plant species are due to contribution of global warming and destruction of plant habitat.

2. List four floral parts in order from outside to inside a flower.  Sepals  Petals  Stamen  Carpels 3. From a diagram of an idealized flower, correctly label the following structures and describe the function of each structure:

Fossils Tell of Long Ago uses accessible language and illustrations to aid all students in vocabulary and new concept growth. Explicit instructions, reading the book allowed to the class, and allowing conversation among individual students as they work through learning new words will aid ELL students in expanding their word knowledge. Furthermore, having ELL students translate new word to into their native language will help them activate their previous knowledge. Encouraging all students to be actively engage in learning words will ensure that ELL students and all students will gain knowledge and make connections to new words.

dy of plant fossils and the understanding the evolution of plant life and ecology of earlier eras is known as paleobotany. Paleobotanists concern with fossil records of plants and their geologic history greatly describes the main concept of paleobotany. Only a small percentage of the plants that ever lived left evidence of existence. The major plant fossils that have been discovered are mineralized wood, flowers in amber, leaf imprints in coal, or other plant life many years ago. Paleobotanists document fossil records and use this evidence to find the past evolution of plants.

Its aim is “to examine the changing relationships between humans and plants that has led to parallel pathways towards the evolution of domesticated crops and agricultural systems across the world” (Fuller et al., 2015). Like many other archaeobotanical research projects, it is predominantly based on the analysis of empirical data. However, instead of directly acquiring it through new excavation work, researchers in this project focus mainly on the collection, reanalysis, and comparison of already existing data from all around the world. They seek to create a database that will not only allow them to examine certain patterns in the emergence and diffusion of domesticated plants, but also emphasise those regions and time periods for which information is lacking, so that they know where further investigation should be focused on. This project is conducted in collaboration with many other researchers around the world, some of which also oversee ongoing fieldwork in order to obtain new data concerning under-studied areas and types of crops. Thanks to this project, archaeologists have found that domestication of plant species required around 3000 years, far longer than commonly thought, and that, although cultivation around the world started at different times and in different cultural contexts, the effects

The Effect Invasive Species Have on the Environment The book entitled, “Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants”, opens with a quote from Dr. A. S. Crafts saying, “in the beginning there were no weeds.”. This quote causes one to stop and think about it. What Dr. Crafts meant by this quote was that even though plants have existed for many years, weeds did not exist before humans began to travel about. With all the traveling that humans do the problem of invasive plants has grown tremendously (Radosevich, 1). The impact that invasive species have on the environment is often overlooked or thought of as unimportant. The issue is vast, yet little is done about it. The problem with invasive species is extremely important and will impact the world for generations to come. This paper will explain what invasive species are, show the negative impacts invasive species have on the environment, and what we can do about this issue.

Fossil Analysis Paper Locomotion The skeletal characteristics of these hominines suggest that their mode of locomotion was likely a cross between occasional bipedalism and obligate bipedalism. From the reading we have learned that obligate bipedalism is bipedal locomotion that is practiced all of the time while occasional bipedalism is bipedalism that is practiced on occasion. The ratio of arm length to leg length (longer arms) suggests that they did spend time climbing trees, however the cranial and post cranial traits of these fossils suggest that they spent much of their time on the ground and likely ambulating bipedally combined with a variation of upright walking and knuckle walking. This is evidenced by two factors: the fact the foramen magnum of the skull is centrally located, and the ratio of arm to leg length. In creatures with bipedal ambulation, the foramen magnum is located in the center of the base of the skull to keep the head aligned over the center of gravity of the creature. If the fossils were walking primarily with their knuckles, the

Second, the reading states that park wildlife was affected as well. In contrast, the professor in the lecture averts that the small plants that grow create ideal

“Thinkers aren't limited by what they know, because they can always increase what they know. Rather they're limited by what puzzles them, because there's no way to become curious about something that doesn't puzzle you. If a thing falls outside the range of people's curiosity, then they simply cannot make

Response 3: Arguments for Environmental Conservation Since the beginning of civilization humanity has adopted a subjugating stance toward nature. Ecological exploitation has become the de facto standard, contributing to the illusion of self-subsistence provided by modern society. This mindset is untenable given humanities reliance on the natural world, as best demonstrated

As the quote mentions, the study of plants is really important and can be very exciting. Before digging deeper into the quote from They Came before Columbus by Ivan Van Sertima, I was not aware of how important relationships between plants and their environments were. Simple examples include a cactus to the desert climate, or a more complex example; the sunflower being native to both North and South America. This quote proves that botany is not just a simple science of plants, but very complex, for it opens up information that travels way back in time. Plants have been around since the beginning of life and are very important to the life of humans. The information from the slide titled “Did you know” is extremely important to the world of botany.

There are still many debated and unproven theories about the evolution of plants but one thing that is for certain is that they had one of the largest impacts on the planet, shaping the atmosphere and biosphere the most in establishing conditions to support animal life, by supporting the soil, air, water, food supply, shelter, and much

Photosynthesis changed the Earth and made the Earth by starting the development of an atmosphere suitable for aerobic life.

Continental drift has helped create the diversity we see present in modern day plants and animals. Through a process of speciation, the movement of the continents has had a generous role throughout evolution, effecting and distributing flora and fauna. The Earth’s continents were once one, a large supercontinent called Pangea that later separated into two smaller ones known as Gondwana and Laurasia. The separation and collision of continents has not only created some of the valleys and mountain ranges which are significant landmarks on the Earth’s surface, but it has also brought species together and apart again, consequently letting natural selection take over and lead to the animals we see today.