Plant Growth Environment

Competition had a vast effect on  growth, especially on spartina patens.  Both plants flourished, growing the most in freshwater marshes, without the presence of neighbors.  However, with the presence of neighbors, spartina patens was overcome dropping significantly.  While typha angustifolia did drop with neighbors it remained stronger than spartina patens.  In the case of salt marshes, typha angustifolia did not grow at all.  While spartina patens was much more stable with or without neighbors in salt marshes.  This suggests that while typha angustifolia, more dominant in freshwater, unable to grow in salt marshes pushed out spartina patens, who was able to endure salt during growth.  In conclusion typha angustifolia was greatly subdued by abiotic factors, while spartina patens was more limited by

Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include, predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don’t do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These

Competition happens between two or more things. In talking about plants they compete with each to survive. When competing against each other to survive they are using soil, water, nitrogen, and space. In using theses resources and having theses available gives the plant a greater chance in living. Even though plants compete environmental wise it is still scene that there is a lot of unknown to why plants compete. Some researchers believe it could be because of the root size of an individual plant or the size of the seed, which gives it better competition in surviving (Miller, 1995). Different types of competition can happen between plants likes intraspecific and interspecific competition. Miller (1995) believes there is not enough research shown to make a determination as to why competition between plants happens and that there should be research done in looking at the evolution of plants in different environments where they can compete with each other. In looking at competition in plants in class the experiment that we conducted looks at the Brassica rapa in a intraspecific competition in different densities. Miller (1995) found that the B. rapa in intraspecific competition did have increase in the number of flowers that were produced. Comparing this to the finding of Miller, when looking at different densities of plants in a interspecific competition could the B. rapa have more of a change in growth because a higher density will have more seeds and the B.

might affect the fitness of each variant. In other words which factors might increase plant growth, survival,

A plant's growth ability is dependent on its ability to acquire the resources it needs to survive. Competition such as interspecific and intraspecific, limiting resources, and population density affect the fitness level of a plant. This experiment was conducted in order to test the capability of collards and radishes to grow in manipulated densities under interspecific and intraspecific competition. I hypothesized that both collard and radish plants will grow more efficiently in single species pots under low-density conditions. I also hypothesized that in the mixed species plots the radishes will be more fit to survive and grow better than the collard plants in both the high and low-density pots. Both high and low density and single and mixed species plots were planted and results were observed. There was a significant

This can explain why growth and survivorship seem to remain constant within a population regardless of resource availability. Ban et al. (2009) also found that Daphnia pulex grown under crowded conditions grew much more slowly than those that were grown alone, even when the food supply was sufficient. The individuals grown in a high density population were also observed to have a smaller net reproductive rate, due to the essential need for them to conserve resources necessary for their own survival. These sources, as well as the results obtained from our experiment, support the claim that higher population densities result in reduced rates of reproduction and decreased chances of survival.

As the world progresses, new discoveries are made and old notations are being questioned. The study of plants in particular has raised questions among scientists and others to whether they have abilities that would classify them as intelligent. The Intelligent Plant by Michael Pollan delves into this mystery and whether people should start looking at plants in a different light. While there is an accumulation of findings on how plants are intelligent, its bases can be compared to those of psychology. Ultimately, the conclusion of whether plants are intelligent is still debatable.

But the Idea of Kin selection suggests that genes guiding their altruistic behavior have been selected because they are more likely to be passed on to later generations in the bodies of an increased number of younger brothers and sisters than in the bodies of their own children. To demonstrate that this is so, it is necessary to show that

Their conclusion was that kinship does confer higher fitness and that relatedness does play a role in the decision on which subordinate gets to forage and migrate to other territory. This conclusion was supported by the observation that related subordinates that migrate to a different territory spent more time together in the patch and fed more than the non-kin

The conditions when kin selection is most likely can be explained through Hamilton’s Rule. The key component in Hamilton’s formula is the degree to which the two individuals are related. In the formula this is termed r and is known as the coefficient of relatedness. Kin selection is most likely to evolve in conditions when relatedness is high, the

If one were to ask my friends what stands out about me, they would immediately refer to the strange dichotomy that exists within me. On the one hand, both of my parents are agronomists and have spent their entire lives trying to improve the yield of the plants that feed the world. On the other hand, I don’t want to follow them--I want to study government. At the same time, I have a serious fascination with the obscurities that connect plants, such as the fact that Balsa trees share a taxonomic family with the Marsh Mallow, the plant from whose root the fluffy treat of the same name was originally derived. Yet my greatest fascination lies in the Ginkgo tree. Ginkgoes are not adapted to modern life at all. In fact, Ginkgo biloba is more than

Animal breeder has considered it as a simple ‘aggregate’ of the traits of the group’s that is constituent by individuals, nevertheless some other scholars had imagination that group traits were often ‘emergent’ and might be undefined at the individual level (Salt, 1979; Grantham, 1995). Secondly, a similar type of ambiguity arises over the actual concept of group fitness. Typically, it has been defined that the group with greater number of daughter individuals would considered as most fittest group, however, an alternative approach clearly disagree the concept in the context of variable group size (Damuth and Heisler, 1988; Sober, 1993; Okasha, 2006; Rainey & Kerr, 2011). Lastly, there was a doubt regarding how to carry out the multilevel selection analysis, as multilevel selection 1 (MLS-1) was mostly responsible for describing the change in the frequencies of different types of individual and multilevel selection 2 (MLS-2) explained about the change in the frequencies of different types of groups (Michod, 2011; Rainey and Kerr, 2011). Moreover, MLS theory did not take care of the problems engaged with class structure, i.e., when different groups differ from others in terms of non-genetic reasons (West et al. 2008; Gardner and Grafen, 2009; Frank,

The research into the theory of social disorganisation is a vast subject rich with research stemming from the 17th century, thus making it a complicated subject to analyse since there are so many sources to draw from. Research into social disorganisation started with plant and the urban change which led to many different fields like environmental criminology (Brantingham and Brantingham, 1981). French research done by Warming (1909) into plant biology found that plants live in communities with varying states. He found that communities with predominately the same species have more competition with nature than with each other, communities with several different species however competed for limited resources more among

A plant is any of the boundless number of living beings within the biological kingdom Plantae, these species are considered of low motility since this species generally generate their own food by sunlight. They incorporate a large group of commonplace life forms including trees, forbs, bushes, grasses, vines, plants, and greeneries. In this task we are experimenting the relationship between light and plant growth by growing plants in three different lights which are red light, blue light and white light. As I stated above that plants generate their own food by sunlight. Sunlight can be broken up by a prism into respective colors of red, blue, orange, yellow, green, indigo, violet and white. All this lights have specific

Our lab investigated the morphological characteristics of leaves found in the sun and shade on various species of maple and oak trees around campus. Our null hypothesis was Acer and Quercus acclimate similarly with regards to SLW (specific leaf weight), size, and sinuosity. Our hypothesis was Quercus acclimation is greater than Acer SLW, size, and sinuosity. We tested these hypotheses by picking small sections of a branches from both maple and oak trees. A group was assigned either a maple or an oak tree, and needed a total of three different trees per group. Once three different trees were chosen, groups needed three shade leaves and three sun leaves of off each different tree. In total, each group should then end up with 18 leaves for testing. After collecting the leaves, we ran them through the LiCor 3100 leaf area meter to identify the area of each leaf. Major results found by the classes’ mutual data was each one of our p-values were greater than .05. This means that we failed to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, the lab results do not support our hypothesis that Quercus acclimation is greater than Acer SLW, size, and sinuosity.