Plant Hormones

The dictionary definition for plant development is “a multiphasic process in which two distinct forms succeed each other in alternating generations” (Harrison ). In other words a process with many stages of growth. A good example of development is when the flowers have bloomed and are opening up. The flowers are already there but they are furthering their growth.

The hypothesis behind this experiment is that the Gibberellic acid has a positive growth effect on the plant and causes it grow larger in height.

Phototropism is the growth of a plant in the direction of its light source. Phototropism occurs due to a hormone called auxin which is produced at shoot tips. Auxin influences cell division, if there is light on one side then the dark side will receive more auxin and therefore more cell division will occur on that side, which will force the plant to bend towards the light therefore affecting the height of the

However, for each quad, the fertilizer used for the control was added altogether with the fertilizers being studied. Since the only plant that presented growth was in the control quad, it becomes necessary to explore the effects of excess fertilizers, and furthermore, excess nitrogen, would have in the development of the fast plants. Although Nitrogen is one of the elements most living organisms require, some studies have showed high levels of nitrogen can cause toxic stress to some plants, to the point where growth can be inhibited. (Yu et al.

might affect the fitness of each variant. In other words which factors might increase plant growth, survival,

All plants photosynthesize to produce glucose, which is stored chemical energy as the plants food can be converted into energy through respiration for life processes. The rate of photosynthesis has three main limiting factors – carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity

In my research paper, I will attempt to determine how the perception of light in phytochromes plays a role in the development of plants. Specifically, I will look at how phytochromes play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana. The paper will also look at how light perception plays a role in phototropism and the immune systems of a plant. Finally, my paper will explore how changing light conditions impact perception in phytochromes.

The experiments purpose was to understand and observe the gene expressions in the genes pCNT103, cig1 and GapC in the shoot, root and callus tissues of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Using various genetic laboratory research techniques completed the experiment. The experiment consisted of four parts. The sterile tissue culture technique was used to differentiate the tobacco callus tissue in

Gibberellins is a plant growth hormone produced in the apical meristem. They stimulate cell elongation and seed germination (Dunlop et al, 2010). As a result, gibberellins can promote the growth of taller plants and plants that flower early (Dunlop et al, 2010).

Plants can be very beneficial to the environment and in human life. Plants can absorb the carbon dioxin that human don't need, and through photosynthesis it convert into oxygen for human to use. Growing more plants can help improve the air quality and reduce greenhouse effect.

Over the years plants continue to evolve and come out with new methods and systems that help it survive and reproduce. Animals such as insects and birds are key players in the reproduction of plants. We call them pollinators because they help spread pollen from plant to plant, but one would ask how a plant attracts animals to itself anyway. These plants have nectar a sweet tasting liquid that animals eat and during this eating process pollen is rubbed off on the consumer. It’s like an unauthorized deal because both technically benefit from it. Another technique plants use to attract animals, such as insects are vibrant colors. Not all plants appreciate the help so they have structures and chemicals that repel them. For bigger animals like birds; a plant might develop a thorny leaf texture that keeps it from being eaten. For insects, plants can produce toxins that can either kill or repel insects making them sick. Some leaves develop textures that make it hard for animals to digest. It’s a better idea for plants to repel insects than kill because most plants depend on insects and animals in some way unless there self-pollinators. By killing

This suggests that the hormone takes time to active the germination of the seed. Once the activation is started, then the gibberellin is used to increase stem elongation. Gibberellin is also used to mobilize resources within the endosperm to feed the embryo to stimulate growth (Gutzler, Brewer 2013). After week two (Table 2 ), one of the two gibberellin induced seeds grew to fourteen centimeters. This is indicating that even though Gibberellin is a potent hormone already found in plants, the extra addition is allowing the plants to grow in the absence of light (Riley, J 1987). The other hormone receiving seed showed signs of germination, however, no vertical growth occurred resulting to the plants being immeasurable. This could have occurred due to the lack of light. The first plant grew with a little lean. The tilt of the plant indicates that phototropism occurred because it tilted toward the cabinet door where a miniscule amount of light seeped through. The other plant, which received gibberellin, had a stem but curled inward, back into the soil. This was a surprising result and cannot be concluded on why this event occurred. Week three, there was still growth to the one plant. It had grown to 16.2 centimeters as Table 3 illustrates. Just like another hormone named Auxin, Gibberellin is very similar in regards that it reveals significant effects on stem elongation (Thompson, Cleland 1972). Stem elongation is evident because the acid reduces the force needed to cause the cells wall to expand, allowing the stems to grow with out restriction (Morris et al.,

For all six plates, the same two types of seeds were used, Radish and Basil, and the hormone used was Gibberellic Acid. The six plates were all prepared on March 5 and given their specific

This data shows a strange outcome, in the hypothesis; it says that “If acid is introduced to the seed during germination, then the roots will not grow as long as the seeds that are given water”. This statement proves to be untrue, because the roots grew longer with stronger acid than weaker acid, and in some, cases, grew better with strong acid than it did in water. This may be true because of the acid growth theory. The acid growth theory states that auxins cause the elongation of stem cells by promoting wall loosening. It was determined that this wall loosening is caused by hydrogen ions. This idea and subsequent supporting data gave rise to the acid growth theory, which states that when exposed to auxins, susceptible cells excrete protons into the wall at an enhanced rate, which in turn decreases the pH in the wall. The lowered wall pH then activates the wall loosening process which is essentially doing the same thing as the auxin hormone.

     Plants are autotrophs that mean they are able to synthesize food directly from inorganic compounds, instead of relying on other organisms. They use carbon dioxide gas and water to produce sugars and oxygen