Plasma Focus Case Study

This plasma has a tendency to expand and escape from its container. The walls of the container have to be very cool, or else they will melt. If the plasma touches the walls, it becomes too cool for the reaction to occur. But how can a container hold the plasma without touching the plasma? The answer is in devices known as "magnetic bottles," which are twisted into coils. They have a metal wall that is surrounded by a magnet. Electrical current flows through the magnet, creating a magnetic field on the inside of the walls. This pushes the plasma away from the walls and toward the center of each coil.

- I think that the electrons that are emitted from the cathode are emitted with a range of velocities (perhaps like a Boltzmann distribution where average speed clusters in the middle of the range).

This occurs when there is unbalanced number of neutrons and protons, unlike current electricity that occurs when there are conductors involved

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

Antonio Sergio Bessa, a big time collector, is the director of Curatorial and Education Programs at the Bronx Museum of the Arts. For Bessa, “he came to art via the written word. His fascination with “the power of language” drew him to artists who use text in their works”(Herrington). Mr.Bessa has a huge collection featuring many renowned artists, such as a Matta-Clark mask. “Mr. Bessa has gravitated to artists like Mr. Pettibon, who adds handwritten phrases to his work, and the “outstanding” Jason Fox”(Herrington). Bessa sees the Fox painting “Enhanced Focus” as “a mix between Jesus and a delinquent,” with the capricious blur evoking television dramas that find the urge to disguise people(Herrington). During

X-rays were discovered by accident in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Roentgen was already an accomplished scientist with forty-eight published papers. He had a reputation among the scientific community as a dedicated scientist with precise experimental methods. Roentgen had been conducting experiments at the University of Wurzburg on the effect of cathode-rays on the luminescence of certain chemicals. Roentgen had placed a cathode-ray tube, which is a partially evacuated glass tube with metal electrodes at each end, in a black cardboard box in his darkened laboratory. He sent electricity through the cathodre-ray tube and noticed something strange his laboratory. He saw a flash of light

The Teltron Tel 2533 Critical potentials tube contained neon gas kept at fixed, low pressure. Within this tube were a collector ring and a diode electron gun. The filament was kept at a fixed current of 1.2A. Any current higher than this would have done serious damage to the filament. The diode electron gun was used to emit a beam of electrons from its cathode. This beam passed from the cathode through the neon gas present in the tube to the anode. The collector ring within the critical potentials tube was connected to a fixed power supply of 1.25V and a Levell TM8 pA-meter to record the collector current. The fixed power supply of 1.25V was so that the collector ring was made positive relative to the anode. A variable accelerating

When light atomic nuclei fuse together to form heavier ones, a large amount of energy is released. This is a very difficult process to recreate on earth - gases need to be heated to extremely high temperatures (about 100 millions degrees C) to produce a plasma which then needs to be contained for a sufficiently long period for fusion to occur. 2. To reach these temperatures there must first be powerful heating, and thermal losses must be minimized by keeping the hot fuel particles away from the walls of the container. This is achieved by creating a magnetic “cage” made by strong magnetic fields, which prevent the particles from escaping.

Everyone knows humans have blood. It’s inside of us and it is very important. But one of the key elements in blood is plasma. But most people don’t know what plasma does. Without plasma, humans would have a hard time doing everyday things. Plasma does many things for us like keeping us healthy.

These charges where created when striking the matter (oil particles), by ionizing the droplets of oil. The charges produced by the x-ray that attached to oil particles in the chamber, would create one or more charges on the droplets. When no voltage o potential difference was applied between the two electrically charged plates the fall of the droplet would be determined by their mass and the viscosity of the air that the droplets/particles were falling

Since the electrons are stripped from the atoms in a plasma, all that remains is the positively charged nucleus, which can be acted on by magnetic fields. In magnetic confinement reactors, so-called magnetic bottles are created with magnetic fields that confine the plasma. In experiments, however, plasmas can only be contained for a few seconds before their oscilations cause them to come into contact with the walls of the reactor. The biggest problem in controlling plasmas with magnetic confinement is their chaotic behaivior. With continuing research, longer containment times are being recorded.

The Coolidge tube could operate to energies up to 100,000 volts. General Electric went on to make x-ray tubes capable of operating at energies up to 1,000,000 volts, which gave the x-ray technology enough stability to become industrialized and mass produced.

Finally, the beam strikes a fluorescent screen. The magnified image of the object can be seen on the screen of a television-like monitor. The images formed by a transmission electron microscope are black and white like an X-ray picture. Computers can be used to translate the image information into a three-dimensional colored image.

There are over 30,000 accelerators around the world, and they use the designs above. (Witman, 2015) Electrostatic Accelerators were the first particle accelerators ever made. These designs use circle paths to accelerate the particles expect the linear accelerator. The circle paths are used because they will take up

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