Plasma-the 4th State of Matter

The magnetic field rotates 180 degrees when the battery slider moves from one side of the battery to the other.

5) List the three common states of matter in order of highest potential to lowest.

4. Why doesn’t the magnetic field change the speed of the electrons? (Speed is taken to be the magnitude of the velocity. The velocity is a vector.)

Since the charge moves in the direction of the field, the field does the work

If W = 0 then there is no change in the kinetic energy of the electrons, thus their speed remains constant; the acceleration provided by the magnetic field was used only to change the direction.

By using a twister pair of wires the electromagnetic signals generated by the wires cancel each other out due to their opposite polarity.

The Fourth State of Matter by Beard shows the emotional and mental state of people when they lose control of their lives. The coming together of three stories into one is remarkable and continues to support the view of confusion in life since no one can fully control it. The best thing to do most of the time is accept change and try as much as possible to enjoy life. Beard’s life seems to be going out of control, but through time and effort she realizes that she can take control of her emotional and mental state.

Several are working upon the use of electromagnetic pulses, specifically the electromagnetic gun (EM gun, rail gun, coil gun) as a way for new weaponry and advances in science.

Solar wind is a continuous stream of charged particles – protons and electrons – with some atomic nuclei. It is produced by the hydrogen fusion reactions at the Sun’s core with

Magnetic field strength is proportional to the speed at which the charge moves and the size of the charge. Protons are made up of 3 basic properties, positive electric charge, a very small mass and spin. A protons charge is extremely small although the speed at which is spins is extremely quick. This creates a magnetic field that can be detected. About 70% of the human body is comprised of water and water is the largest source of protons of any substance within the human body. This is followed by fat. The direction of the protons magnetic field is randomized when no magnetic field is applied. Similar to a compass, the magnetic field that the proton creates can be aligned when another large magnetic field is introduced. In MRI this field is known as B0. (Simplyphysics.com,

States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available.

Since the electrons are stripped from the atoms in a plasma, all that remains is the positively charged nucleus, which can be acted on by magnetic fields. In magnetic confinement reactors, so-called magnetic bottles are created with magnetic fields that confine the plasma. In experiments, however, plasmas can only be contained for a few seconds before their oscilations cause them to come into contact with the walls of the reactor. The biggest problem in controlling plasmas with magnetic confinement is their chaotic behaivior. With continuing research, longer containment times are being recorded.

Electromagnets can turn electrical energy into motion. Likewise the converse is true: they can turn motion into electrical energy.

As in the case of electric charges, it is convenient to introduce the concept of a magnetic field in describing the action of magnetic forces. Magnetic field lines for a bar magnet are pictured below.

A particle accelerator is a machine that is capable of accelerating particles to very high speeds. The types of particles that are accelerated are protons, electrons and atomic nuclei. Particle accelerates have a Particle Source which is where the particle is before it launched. It also has a Beam Pipe which is where the particles travel around the machine. There are also electric fields, electromagnets, detectors and targets. (Dotson, 2015) The electric fields are spaced out and create radio waves which accelerate particles. The electromagnets help steer and focus the beam of particles when they travel through the beam tube. (Dotson, 2015) The detectors and targets help record data of the particles speed and behavior at high speeds.