Playground Movement In The 1890s

There were several decisions made by the Supreme Court that formalized courts for juveniles, making them more like criminal courts. Formal hearings were required, juveniles who faced confinement were given the right to receive a notice of the charges being held against them, and also came along the right to be represented by an attorney. In the 1980’s the public noticed that juvenile crimes were rising and that the system was not effective. Soon states began implementing disciplinary laws, some which included a mandatory sentencing and automatically being sent to adult court for certain crimes committed.

The Juvenile Justice System was established in 1899 when the first documented court hearing took place in Cook County, Illinois. This type of court system was designed to discipline, treat, and rehabilitate children under the legal age of eighteen, who are caught and/or convicted of committing crimes against society. Since its creation, many have argued for and against having two separate but parallel court systems. This essay will discuss the basic arguments in favor of and in opposition to the retention of the juvenile justice system.

The juvenile justice system was fashioned in the late 1800s; restructuring policies in the United States concerning adolescent offenders was a part of a progressive era in are history. Thereafter, many modifications designed at both safeguarding the "due process of law" rights of adolescence, and generating an antipathy to jail amongst minor. This dislike has made juvenile justice system more equivalent to the adult structure, a significant change from what it was intended for in the

The U.S made legal history in 1989 when the world’s first juvenile court opened in Chicago (Rank, J.) Since 1990 many states have also adopted the “get tough” approach to juvenile justice as a response to the increasingly violent crimes committed by children.

The juvenile court system was established in the United States over more than a century ago, with the first court appearing in Illinois in 1899. Prior to that time, children and youth were seen as small adults with that the youth were tried and punished as adults.

The Progressive movement of the 1900’s was the most important event to occur in the United States during the twentieth century. Progressives at first concentrated on improving the lives of those living in slums and in getting rid of corruption in government. The goal was to make working conditions better for the workers. True reform needed to happen. The workers of America believed this to be the best nation with opportunities for all people. Reform started with industrialization. Workers needed healthy and safe places to work, especially for women and children who were considered vulnerable and weak during that time period. Women and children over 14 worked at meat trimming sausage making and canning. “The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair in one

One hundred years ago, the Illinois legislature enacted the Illinois Juvenile Court Act (1899 Ill. Laws 132 et seq.), creating the first separate juvenile court. The policy debates raging around the country in this centennial year(1899), however, make it uncertain whether the traditional juvenile court will prevail. Early in the 19th century, juveniles were tried along with adults in criminal courts. In common law, children under

The Progressive Era, which began in the late 1800’s, was a time spent addressing many of the problems that had been created from industrialization. Progressives, also known as the reformers, worked to improve the problems that a lack of regulations created, such as living conditions for the poor, the values of big businesses, and also demanded that the government became more responsive to the needs of it’s citizens. The journalists who dedicated their time to exposing these issues were known as muckrakers. The articles and novels written by muckrakers played a big role in the improvement of housing for the lower class and meat-packing factory regulations.

Juvenile courts were established by each state. However, there was a need for federal action to go beyond the responsibilities of the fledgling juvenile courts in order to better the lot of children across the country. The early part of the 20th century was a time when children of all races still worked under inhumane conditions in mines, mills and factories (U.S. Department of Labor, 2016). The mills and factories were often little better than sweatshops and children were paid mere pennies a day for their labor (Foote, 1976). Recognizing this, Congress passed a law, and President William Howard Taft signed it, establishing the Children’s Bureau as a new federal organization in 1912.

During the harsh times of the 1890’s, the Newsboys were under severe oppression in the working place. This would change when they publicly challenge the authority of the corporate operation, ultimately leading to a shift in New York civil disputes and eventually helping to engulf the unfair working laws that were presented. This will and would lead the change of many civil minds and spark more impactful rebellions down the road.

During the harsh times of the 1890’s, the Newsboys were under severe oppression in the working place. This would change when they publicly challenged the authority of the corporate operation, ultimately leading to a shift in New York civil disputes and eventually helping to engulf the unfair working laws that were presented. This will and would lead the change of many civil minds and spark more impactful rebellions down the road.

Often it would only be a conversation between the youth and the judge. The minor did not have legal representation at that time either. The early juvenile courts created a probation system and used a separate service delivery system to provide minors with supervision, guidance, and education. By 1967, the U.S Supreme Court determined that the Constitution require that all youths in the juvenile system have many of the same rights guaranteed to adults accused of crimes. This also included having the right to an attorney and the right to confront witnesses against them.

“The juvenile justice system was first created in the late 1800s to reform United States policies on how to handle youth offenders. Since that time, a number of reforms - aimed at both protecting the "due process of law" rights of youth, and creating an aversion toward jail among the young - have made the juvenile justice system more comparable to the adult system, which is a shift from the United States’ original intent (2008,Lawyer Shop.com).” The

In the early nineteenth century juveniles were treated the same as adults when it came to the legal system. We did not have separate courts or jails for juveniles and they would often receive the same punishments as adults that had committed crimes. “At the beginning of the

The rising viewpoint of the child savers was that of parens patriae which said that the state had an assenting duty to get involved and care for the less fortunate kids. In 1899, the first court devoted to hearing cases with juvenile delinquents was developed by the Illinois Legislature. The procedures in the juvenile court were much different from those of the criminal courts. The child would be accused of a crime they committed, but they were offered help, treatment, and direction (Myers, 2008). Juvenile hearings were held in private and the juvenile’s records were kept sealed to avoid the disgrace of a criminal conviction. Since the juvenile courts rejected punishment, they were allowed to have jurisdiction on things adult courts did not consider crimes. These offenses could be anything including truancy, disobedience, bad language, immorality, and vagrancy. Under parens patriae, the juvenile court was allowed to use wide range discretion to resolve the troubles of juvenile offenders and rejected the official procedures of the adult