Pm Performance Review Paper

Quadagno (2014) discusses ways cognitive abilities differ from young-adults, middle-old adults and oldest old adults. Cognitive decline can also be affected by conditions such as stroke, depression, diabetes, auditory, and vision problems. Older adults may also encounter age related cognitive decline in their daily lives. Cognitive abilities such as processing speed, episodic memory, working memory and dual task processing are abilities that researchers are aiming to improve in older adults (Basak, et al, 2008; Quadagno, 2014).

Additionally, to further support these theories, researchers tend to conduct studies on the famous patient case, HM, to propose the consolidation deficit theory, in which those with amnesia cannot turn short-term memories into long-term memories (Dewar et al., 2010). However, researchers Dewar, Della Sala, Beschin, and Cowan (2010), mentioned that HM’s case does not fully explain why a patient with anterograde amnesia has the ability to get better at cognitive tasks despite being unable to recall having performed those tasks at a previous time. On the same hand, Duff, Wszalek, Tranel, and Cohen (2008) mentioned that most individuals with anterograde amnesia experience heightened intelligence, attention, skill, and reasoning levels (procedural memory).

A. S., Sozda, C. N., Dotson, V. M., & Perlstein, W. M. (2016). An Event-Related Potential Investigation of the Effects of Age on Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Function. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. Retrieved from http://db16.linccweb.org/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com.db16.linccweb.org/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&u=lincclin_mdcc&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA457534628&asid=eb0543c891701af28b79b58b05539847

Also in participating in various cognitive activities, the individual has better organizational and coordination skills (Carlson et al., 2012, p. 292). Also it suggests that the previous suggested manner to delay the progression of memory loss or dementia although it may help is not the most effective and is outdated. Some weaknesses are that it focuses on only 1 gender, what may be effective for women may not be as effective in men. Also the study only focuses on the healthy and high functioning women therefore, it does not represent the opposite population. In terms of women responding to questionnaires, leaves room for false information to be

If people make a list of tasks to do in a week, one will most likely do the ones they find most relevant first and then the least important. The same thing happens with the memory; people have a tendency to remember things based on their importance. Previous research has been done comparing young adults and older adults’ memory based on the intention-superiority effect and as the results suggested young adults scored higher in remembering the things they were going to do compared with the things they already did. This same study was replicated with undergraduate students. In the present study, the aim was to investigate if this effect occurs in older adults compare to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. They hypothesized that the number of tasks the participants would remember

Ryan, E. (1992). Beliefs about memory changes across the adult life span. Journal of Gerontology, 47, 41-46.

Still, mental abilities, including fluid skills, remain plastic. In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, baby boomers, now mostly middle-aged, were compared with the previous generation at the same age, revealing cohort effects. On verbal memory, inductive reasoning, and spatial orientation, baby boomers performed substantially better, reflecting advances in education, technology, environmental stimulation, and health care.

It is said that memory declines as people age, and this can be just a natural part of life. However, in many cases as people grow older, they develop a mental disorder known as Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s is a disease that causes problems with memory, thinking, and overall behavior, and progressively becomes a bigger problem. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia and is a very common disease in people over the age of 65. This terminal disease puts tremendous stress on the victim and the victim’s family. A cure for Alzheimer’s has yet to be discovered; however, through healthy and constant use of the brain and the aid of certain drug treatments, Alzheimer’s disease can be both naturally and medically prevented.

Evaluating performance. The performance of candidates selected should be evaluated after six-months of consecutive service. The evaluation should be weighed against the specific goals and objectives designated in the position’s description. (Rhodes, 2013) Any accomplishments or achievements should be clearly identified and measured with their overall

Private Military and Security Companies (PMCs) have been in the international interest for the last few years. Their most famously known actions are the actions of the PMC Blackwater (now renamed Xe Services) in Iraq. There are many thoughts regarding each nation about PMCs. Some say that they are a “good thing” and that they help countries to save economic resources. Others argue about the lack of regulation and about the fact that in some occasions they kill innocent people.

On Thursday, March 2nd, 2017 our class had welcomed a guest speaker for our adulthood and aging course. Our guest speaker, Dr. Parks, had spent a considerable amount of time teaching our class about different dimensions and aspects of memory. Although, the class learned a wide array of information; Dr. Parks notable amount of our time presenting information on prospective memory. The term prospective memory can be defined as “memory to perform future actions without specific reminders.” After learning about perspective memory the class had learned additional information about two different types of perspective memory. The first type of perspective memory is event based PM (completed when a cue present); and the other is time based PM (completed at specific time).

When contrasted against the young adult population, older adults retain their powers of concentration, but have less competent inhibitory processes (Hasher and Zacks, 1988). A less efficient memory, then, may be a result of working memory overly invested in extraneous areas. Similarly, one could argue in defense of the inhibition deficit hypothesis, that the elderly experience dysfunctional levels of inhibition on a general array of mental undertakings, among them observation (Houx, Jolles, & Vrieling, 1993).

Another area of development that occurs in older adulthood is cognitive. Cognitive changes that occur include the speed in which they process information. The decrease in speed occurs because the functioning of the brain and central nervous system is declining. In older adulthood, this speed decreases but there is a variation in the degree. The speed variation advantages depend on the individual accumulated knowledge. (543) While interacting with the residents I noticed this decline. When I talked to the residents I noticed that it took them a while and multiple repetitions, I am not sure if it was because of this speed decline. There can be another underlying factor in this experience. I might have interacted with some residents who were not

That normal age associated memory decline is not uniform. For instance, semantic memory remains stable and may even increase as one ages whereas declarative episodic memory decreases as one ages. Therefore, an older person, especially after 60 will have a hard time remembering what they ate for breakfast the last, whereas a younger person would remember that with more ease. In addition, as one ages their working memory decreases and this decline suggests declines in other cognitive areas. These cognitive declines may begin as young as 20 and would get worse with time. Short term memory seems to be relatively stable with a decline after 70 and semantic memory stays intact until much later in

12 studies were eligible for inclusion. All study designs were randomised controlled studies, with one being quasi-experimental. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 10 to 60 participants with mean age ranging from 62.5 to 73.8 years living in municipal senior centres, institutions, or were community-dwelling. Relevant conditions reported were dementia and MCI. However, the majority of participants were healthy older adults. The interventions utilised included the Nintendo WiiTM, Xbox 360, non-action video games, exergames, online game suites, exercise programs used on iPads, and cognitive training programs. Furthermore, the frequency of the interventions ranged from 3 to 24 weeks, and lasted 20 to 90 minutes per session. The outcome measures used included attention, processing speed, working and episodic memory, executive functioning, reaction time, balance, functional ability, and physical functioning. Due to the large variation in interventions and outcome measures, data pooling was predominantly impossible. Selection bias was only detected in one study (Lee et al., 2016), in which a quasi-experimental design was used. Despite that, survivorship bias was recurrent amongst the studies, possibly leading to overly optimistic conclusions.