Pneumonia Case Scenario

Physicians usually prescribe one antibiotic that treats a wide range of organisms. If the first does not work they will prescribe another antibiotic that fights a different range of organisms. If severe symptoms they will sometimes start with two antibiotics and do a culture that would show what antibiotics the organism would be resistant to. (2011. Pneumonia)

Pneumonia is a lung infection, which can be caused by numerous organism such a virus, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma and exposure to various chemicals. One of the main symptoms of pneumonia is coughing up yellowish or greenish sputum similar to Tammy’s symptoms. Other symptoms associated with pneumonia are mild to high fevers, chills, shortness of breath with activity, loss of appetite and headaches (American Lung Association, 2017). This diagnosis I would rule out as the cause of Tammy’s illness due to her afebrile status and lack of other presenting symptoms related to

Sue and Johnsy met at a small restaurant, both of them felt hundreds of miles from home. Immediately they found a bosom friend in one another, they both had a love for chicory salads, bishop sleeves, and most of all, art. They resided in a small apartment in Greenwich Village, the Southern part of New York City. Their closest neighbor, Old Behrman, also loved art, but he spent his days at the bar drinking himself unconscious and never painted the masterpiece that he so dream about, until tragedy struck. In November, a cold, unseen stranger prowled about the city, named Pneumonia, and he smote anybody who dared show their face. Johnsy with her warm California blood fell captive to the wretched stranger, and she believed that when the last ivy

Running head: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICIANS' PERCEPTION OF A Qualitative Analysis of Clinicians' Perception of Head-of-Bed Elevation Jolly Abraham Grand Canyon University NRS-433V January 09, 2011 A Qualitative Analysis of Clinicians' Perception of Head-of-Bed Elevation Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the

I. Introduction This is a case of a 74 year old woman who was diagnosed with Community Acquired Pneumonia.

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Quantitative Research Study Vanesia Davis Kelly Grand Canyon University Intro to Nursing Research-NRS/433V April 15, 2012 Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a bacterial infection that occurs in the lower respiratory system within the first 48 hours of endotrachal intubation (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). Although any hospital patient is susceptible

A. List the common microbiologic organisms responsible for community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. 1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) for common microbiological organisms are: Bacterial a. Streptococcus pneumoniae b. Haemophilus influenza c. Moraxella catarrhalis Viral a. Rhinovirus b. Influenza 2. Nosocomial pneumonias a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Candida albicans c. Pseudomonas cepacia d. Clostridium difficile e. Tuberculosis f. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus g. Legionnaires' disease B. Describe the clinical findings seen in patients with pneumonia. In the clinical setting it is found that when there is a bacterial infection that there is a sudden and rapid signs of illness in a patient. There will be dyspnea, hemoptysis, lethargic,

Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Abstract Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired infection occurs in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the patients who are on mechanical ventilator. It further complicates the hospital course by extending the length of stay, increase the cost of treatment, and increases the mortality rate. It is estimated that about 1% to 3% patients on mechanical ventilator develops VAP per day. Compared to the previous years, the Chlorhexidine mouth care and other ventilator bundle strategies decreased the VAP rate. Evidence based research studies proved that almost 89.7% reduction in VAP occurs after the implementation of ventilator bundle and other care related to it (Hutchins et al,

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lungs, it can be caused by a variety of organisms entering the body – including bacteria, viruses or fungi. The infection causes an inflammation of the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs and may result in the alveoli filling with fluid or other purulent material (Mayo Clinic, 2016). An accumulation of fluid within alveoli and portions of the lungs, can reduce the ability of the lungs to allow for oxygen diffusion across the alveoli walls. If oxygen saturation is low, it can cause the body’s cells to not work effectively. Therefore, the risk of the infection spreading through the body is increased – it is due to this reason, that pneumonia can be life-threatening (American Lung Foundation, 2016). Pneumonia

Fahey (2011) presented a case study and review of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in which a 24 month old female was discussed who presented with symptoms of irritability, increased heart rate, labored breathing, fever, and decreased appetite (Fahey, 2011). A complete history and physical of the patient was performed

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia October 7, 2010 Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Hospital acquired pneumonia is currently the second most common nosocomial infection in the United States and is associated with high mortality and morbidity (Seymann, 2008). This paper is a case study of a 52 year old female who was in the hospital for a scheduled gastric bypass surgery. During a post-op test she aspirated dye thus beginning the process of her developing nosocomial pneumonia. The patient was discharged only to return to the emergency department the following day presenting with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. This paper will discuss her diagnosis, treatment, risk factors, nursing care, socioeconomic influences, and diagnostic

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is and has been a major health problem here in the U.S. This disease mostly affects young children and the elderly 65. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacteria causing pneumonia, this bacterium has over 90 different stereotypes and is extremely hard to pin point the

5. Oral care with antiseptic agents 6. Daily interruptions or lightening of sedation and avoidance of paralytic agents 7. Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis with either H2 antagonists or sucralfate 8. Transfusion of red blood cell and other allogeneic blood products in selected patients 9. Insulin therapy if indicated Major Outcomes Considered * Length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) Combinations of various criteria to establish a diagnosis in patients with VAP have been suggested and validated (Table 1). The National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) system was developed in the 1970s by the Centers for Disease Control as a tool to describe the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections and to produce aggregated rates of infection suitable for inter-hospital comparison, but was never compared to pathological results. The NNIS system was compared to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cultures in 292 trauma patients and had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 69% [15]. More recently, the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) was proposed by Pugin et al. [16], based on six variables (fever, leukocytosis, tracheal aspirates, oxygenation, radiographic infiltrates, and semi-quantitative cultures of tracheal aspirates with Gram stain) [16]. The original description showed a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100%, but this study included only 28 patients and the CPIS was compared to quantitative culture of BAL fluid using a 'bacterial index ' defined as the sum of the logarithm of all bacterial species recovered, which is not considered an acceptable gold standard for the diagnosis of VAP. Compared to pathological diagnosis, CPIS had a moderate performance with a sensitivity between 72 and 77% and specificity between 42 and 85% [11,17]. Likewise, CPIS was not sufficiently accurate compared to a BAL fluid-established

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the leading cause of death out of all hospital-acquired infections. Pneumonia that is acquired 48 hours or longer after at patient has been mechanically ventilated is considered hospital acquired. Endotracheal tubes provide pathogenic microorganisms’ with a direct access to the lungs where they can easily set up shop and cause deathly consequences for patients’ in the acute care setting. For example, the mortality rate of patients who have ventilator-associated pneumonia is 46% whereas unaffected intubated patients mortality rate is 32%. When ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs in a patient(s), it often increases the amount of days a patient is on the ventilator and increases their overall hospital stay (Safe Care). The big problem with this is that VAP is costing hospitals

This paper will discuss the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia utilizing the ventilator associated pneumonia care bundle and the impact it has on clinical practice. Topics that will also be discussed include potential barriers that may arise during the implementation of the bundle strategies, how they can be overcome and