Point of View

The two short stories “Like the Sun” by R. K. Narayan and “The Open Window” by Saki (H. H. Munro) the authors both use irony and paradox to explore ideas of honesty and deception. In this essay I will present some details from the two stories and how they relate to the ideas of irony and paradox. Both of the stories have different ways in which the characters go about using the two concepts.

There are three principal sources of interest in narratives: suspense, mystery, and irony. In the narratives “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner and “Lamb to the Slaughter” by Ronald Dahl, irony is a primary source of interest. Irony is defined as a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result. In both of these cases, the use of irony by the authors greatens the impact the pieces have on their audience. In both “A Rose for Emily” and “Lamb to the Slaughter”, the authors have numerous pieces of irony throughout their respective stories; this use of irony creates a better reading experience for the reader.

In “Everything That Rises Must Converge,” the protagonist Julian tries to detach himself emotionally from his mother, has an “evil urge to break her spirit,” and speaks disrespectfully to her (199). However, O’Connor brilliantly shows that no matter how emotionally detached from his mother Julian thinks himself to be, eventually he learns that he is in a “world of guilt and sorrow” as he watches his mother dies on the street in front of him, marking his point of redemption (207). Bosco implies that O'Connor “[wanted] her art to [symbolize the significance of] the crisis in the twentieth century while simultaneously [presenting and accepting the characteristics of an old-fashioned] Catholic vision of life” (Bosco 42). Clearly, O’Connor chose to incorporate her religious values in her work to expose the ugly darkness of her time as well as the need for enlightenment and goodness. However Drake believes that “her unique achievement was her depiction of the world… [Which were] entirely those of the

rhetorical mode of pathos, readers can view both short stories in a new criticism lense and

In her short story "Everything That Rises Must Converge," Flannery O'Connor allows the story to be told from the perspective of Julian, a recent college graduate who appears to be waiting for a job, while living at home with his mother. His relationship with his mother is rocky at times, to say the least. It is constantly mired with conflicts about the "Old South" and the "New South". Julian must come to terms with himself, either he is an over protective son or just a pain in her ass. Even though Julian seems to dislike his mother's viewpoints, he continues to depends on her for "stability". When the final confrentation between Julian's mother and the large black women results in her having a heart attack, to which

In “Everything That Rises Must Converge,” Julian’s mother’s racism serves as the displacement in the story, while the Black characters encountered the bus ride symbolically

Short Fiction Essay: Everything that Rises Must Converge Flannery O’Connor’s hard-hitting short story, “Everything that Rises Must Converge” gives a detailed image of passengers riding on a public bus during the Civil Rights Era. The story develops around protagonist, Julian, and his narcissistic and prejudice mother, Mrs. Chestny. While walking to the bus stop together, Julian has become fed up with his mother and wants teach her a lesson. Hoping to prove to her that the South she grew up in is not the South that she lives in today, he tries to interact with two African American passengers. O’Connor uses simple and ordinary objects, such as the city bus, Mrs. Chestny’s hat, and a coin throughout her short story to show their symbolic irony.

"Everything That Rises Must Converge" is a short story in which Flannery O'Connor, the author, shows the issue of racial prejudice in the southern states. She put emphasis on self-delusions of the white working Americans class and the lack of welcoming by the whites to African Americans. While questions of right and wrong, with the contrasting moral sensibilities of Julian and his mother forming the basis of the plot’s conflict, O’Connor exposes the sinful nature of humanity that often goes unrecognized in the modern, secular world because Mrs. Chetsney belief in her value as a human being and her superiority to those around her, prejudices, hoping to teach her son Julian a lesson about race relations, justice, and the modern world, but Julian finds his mother’s condescension and racism intolerable..

Stories are written to give a moral lesson for its readers and the best way to bring a moral message is to choose the right themes for your writing. In the stories “The Ingrate” and “Albert and Esene” we can feel how authors want to convey their readers in problems main characters are facing in their lives. “The Ingrate” is about African American slave who was raised by white, intelligent and rich family. “Albert and Esene” is describing a good relationship between a husband and a wife. However, both of these stories share the same themes such as unrespect, discrimination and self- esteem which finishing authors ideas with happy end. Unrespect, discrimination and self-esteem are themes shared by both stories to learn what writers had in mind

The topic of discussion for this essay is a story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman called "The Yellow wallpaper. Firstly, several pieces of evidence within the text prove that the genre of the story is irony, in accordance with Frye 's "theory of myths". This essay shows exactly how those instances exemplify the genre of irony. Additionally, from a deconstructive point of view, there is a central binary of constraint and freedom. The examples from the text show both evidence of constraints within the story as well as freedom. Thus, proving this to be the central binary of this piece of literature. Finally, these two aspects can be used to show the similarities between this text and the short story "How to Become a Writer" by Lorie Moore.

How can the two authors of “Everything That Rises Must Converge” and “Everyday Use” use figurative language and dialogue to develop a common central theme of the stories.

In the story Everything That Rises Must Converge and Everyday Use, are stories taken place in the Southern in 1965 and 1973. In this time people talked in a country accent. These stories all includes majority of different types of figurative language, dialogue, and stereotype.

Similar to Wise Blood, O’Connor’s short story Everything that Rises Must Converge, also explores the theme of the past and the present through Julian, his mother, and the lady on the bus. Julian, similar to Hazel, holds onto the past through dreams and images, of his grandfather’s large house and wealth, while in the present he blames his mother for being outdated and poor. Julian blames his mother for losing the wealth of his family as his holds on to the past by dreaming of what could have been. The next quote portrays Julian’s longing for the wealth that his family lost. “[the mansion] appeared in his dreams regularly… it occurred to him that it was he, not she, who could have appreciated it” (O’Connor 3). This quote proves that similar

In the short story “Everything that Rises Must Converge” by Flannery O’Conner, which is occurs during the civil war movement, is mostly about the struggles that came with the civil movement and integration of races. As the African American community made themselves heard by demanding equal rights after being treated inferiorly by the White Americans for many years. This creates tension and altercations between both races. Julian, a young man who takes his mother to the “Y” every week, to which she does not wish to go alone because of the integration of races. Julian and his mother do not share the same views and opinions on racial equality. In the story, Julian’s mother mentions the sacrifices that she has made for him, which is why he drags

Of the major themes in “Everything That Rises Must Converge” the social concerns of the 1960’s “particularly the disorder of the modern world and the impact of cultural and social change--are prevalent” and addressed on multiple occasions (Schoenberg). The approach used by Flannery O’Connor might be seen as one that is ironic. Dorothy McFarland makes note of this by commenting on “whatever signs of convergence of social classes or races are evident in the story are dealt with by the characters in ways that minimize any real meeting” (McFarland). An example of this can be seen in the story when a Negro woman enters the bus and is dressed in a hat that is one and the same to what Julian’s mother is wearing. This disturbs her perception of identity between herself and the other woman and handles the situation by degrading her to a subhuman level. She then finds the circumstances of this as humorous "She kept her eyes on the woman and an amused smile came over her face as if the woman were a monkey that had stolen her hat”. (McFarland). Adhering to the old cultural customs of the south, Julian’s