Police Recidivism

researchers had conducted and gaining a statistical analysis of the researches, a meta-analysis is often one of the best tools to ensure a positive impact on recidivism “meta-analysis is the principal source of information for "effective principles” (Gendreau, 1996, p. 120). Often times these intervention programs are intensive and behavioral based, which are vital to the program. Behavioral Programs, should target the criminogenic needs of the offender, which has better results when it is paired with the offender’s risk level.

The data from the study demonstrated that therapeutic community theory substance abuse treatment in a correctional facility was, “Effective in reducing the recidivism and that the time spent in treatment was positively related to greater periods between re-arrest and to a greater probability of positive outcomes. (Wexler, and Williams, 1986, Wexler, Falkin, and Lipton, 1990)

An inherent marker of this case’s problematic nature can be demonstrated within the representation of the defendants by prosecution. The defendants had their socioeconomic status and previous interactions with the ‘justice’ system flagrantly used against them. They were characterized as those people, the others, the ones who commit crimes – preying on implicit jury biases*1. Their background and the neighborhood they grew up in was used as an excuse to typecast them for a role in prison. It seems obvious that in any case, the class roles of any participants should be irrelevant unless their crime explicitly involves the matter. Instead, theirs were touted as evidence. Additionally, the defendants’ previous transgressions were brought up in an attempt to further incriminate them. Though recidivism rates are essentially astronomical in the United States, this argument is beyond irrelevant and at its heart a fallacy that should make this information irrelevant. (If the defendants had interacted with the justice system before and they were convicted of anything, then the system has failed them. It’s clearly ineffective given that in the eyes of the state the defendants were far from rehabilitated).

Just as the number of people in prison grows, so too does the number of people leaving prison. Research shows that 95 percent of all prisoners in the United States are released at some point (Katel 2009). The Department of Justice reports that more than 600,000 prisoners are released each year (John Oliver 2015). This means that hundreds of thousands of people reenter society and are expected to have learned from their time behind bars. Unfortunately, most of these people released back into society are not properly prepared. As a result, they end up back in prison.

The courts are reducing punishment for non-violent offenders by putting them in rehabilitation programs (Berenji, B., Chou, T., & D'Orsogna, 2014).The reintegration will help these offenders to become new are whole again. However, resources may be limited these offenders should be offered the chance to participate in these programs. There are lots people who have been locked upon returning back into society it is hard for them to get a job, therefore, they go back to their life of crime. The people that are not violent criminals should at least be given a second chance. The program recidivism constituted studies by researchers to see if it has helped habitual offenders in becoming complete again (Rice, & Harris, 2014). Nevertheless, some may fall back into the system simply these intervention programs will be a great success for the ones who truly want to change their lives. The implementing of these programs is no guarantee that the convicts will not continue to violate the law. The statistic shows that age and sexual violent is a predictor of recidivism. The three strike law is ridiculous because stealing can be an addiction just like drugs are (Bohm, R. M. & Haley, 2011). The cons to the three strike law are that lots children that will grow up without their parents. The non-violent offenders should have mentors to help them get a job and put them in rehabilitation programs to reach the core of their addiction. The pros to this three strike law are that it will help some people to

“There's an old adage in economics: If you want more of something, subsidize it; if you want less, tax it. The same could also be said slightly differently in sociology: If you want more of a certain behaviour, reward it; if you want less, punish it.” – The Edmonton Journal

There are many interesting topics in Criminal Justice that can be discussed and are relatable to my experience at the Lorain/Medina Community Based Correctional Facility, but I thought that perhaps one of the most interesting ones to look at is recidivism in the correctional system. It is also a commonality in other aspects of the criminal justice system. I chose to research the topic of recidivism for many reasons, one of them is that it relates to my experience because many of the residents I interacted with this summer had been involved with the system more than one time and in fact many of them have been through the L/M CBCF’s program multiple times. One of the females who is currently going through the program had been to the facility five times prior to this one and many of the males have been through the program at least twice. Many of them also talk about not being able to stop themselves from relapsing once they are released from the facility and being through a lot of other rehabilitation and recovery centers. After this discovery I wanted to explore and research more about recidivism and why it is a common occurrence for most criminal offenders and what can be done about it. In order to do this I searched a lot of online databases’ and examined quite a few academic journals, articles and other scholarly documents and websites on the topic. I tried to find information on the success rate of Community Corrections versus other forms of corrections, how recidivism

The United States justice system can be described as a cycle, where people enter the prison system, are released, and upon failure to integrate into society soon find themselves back behind bars. Although the means in which the cycle is perpetuated can be argued, the rate of re-offenders is constantly trying to be reduced. One term used to define this type of convict is recidivism, which is the repeat criminal action of a convicted inmate. Recidivism is fastly becoming a issue in the United States as it has been shown that 70% of convicted offenders have been reconvicted within three years of release (Esperian, 2010, p. 322). As crime of any background can be detrimental to society, this high rate of reentry into the justice system has stimulated

For these identified models to be effective in identifying risk factors, various assessment tools are needed to efficiently identify risk associated with re-offending. There are various assessment tools that can be used, such as: (1) Childhood Experience Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ; Simons, Wurtele, & Durham, 2008) measures developmental variables such as emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and physical abuse; (2) Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS; Straus, 1979) measures early exposure to violence; (3) CEBQ Sexual Experience Scale (Briere, 1992) measures frequency and types of sexual contact or abuse; (4) Sexually Explicit Media Questionnaire (Wryobeck & Wiederman, 1999) measures early exposure to pornography and violent media; (5) Childhood Attachment Questionnaire originated by Hazan and Shaver (1987) measures parent-child attachments and bonds; and (6) Attraction to

Recidivism refers to the situation when a person who has received previous punishment for a crime relapses and continues to commit crimes. Recidivism is an important concept to monitor because it shows the effectiveness of our prison and criminal justice systems. According to the NIJ within three years following release from prison, two thirds of the over 400,000 prisoners studied were rearrested, and that number increase to three quarters within five years (“Recidivism”, 2014). More than half of the studied prisoners were arrested again by the end of the first year following their release. Clearly, if there is such a high rate of recidivism and a low rate of deterrence, something is wrong with the way we punish criminals if they just go out

According to (Florida tax watch, 2016), the prison population in Florida is among the largest in the United States, and the figure is expected to expand depending on the current trends. For instance, a one in every four freed inmates returns to prison in under three years. It is for this reason that the research seeks to address the problem of recidivism and in the long run, reduce prison population significantly while at the same time bringing down crime rates around Miami (FL). i.e. the research recommends a change in the federal criminal justice system because the currents one seemed to be out of touch with the emerging trends. The report also seeks to address two catalysts of increase of insecurity within the state of Florida i.e recidivism

Ardino, Milani and Di Blasio assess perpetual negative thinking and dysphoria in relation to violent criminal recidivism. In their initial research, they state that continuous negative thinking or ‘rumination’ is said to impair problem-solving and erode healthy information processing (Ardino, Milani, Di Blasio, 2013, p. 2). In offender populations, where individuals have the length of their sentence to reflect on their crime(s), this can increase the frequency and depth with which offenders experience negative emotions and deter prosocial responses such as empathy, which can have implications for reintegration and lead to experiences of social alienation. They found that the experience of incarceration, in particular, facilitates negative perceptions

Two programs that either “do not work” or “make things worse,” in terms of offender recidivism are correctional boot camps and the “scared straight.” Although, both of these programs are popular they are not 100% effective. While reading the book, the authors makes a very good point about programs and why they are not effective. They state that “they only send a message about what the offender should not do; these approaches do not each them the skills that they need to address high-risk situations in the future (page 14.)” I agree with that because how do you expect someone to actually learn from their mistake, if they are not put into that situation. It only shows them what it could possibly be like instead of what it is like.

Routinely in the news are stories of ex-convicts being arrested again, and sometimes for even more serious crimes than they had been convicted for. Currently he overall recidivism rate for Oklahoma Department of Corrections (ODOC) stands at 21 % (Oklahoma Department of Corrections, 2014). The recidivism rate is calculated on the number of Oklahoma Inmates that reenter the corrections department within three years of release. Faith based programs ministering within the prison walls, and partnering with local churches to aid the convicted with reentry do make a difference (Dodson, Cabage, & Klenowski, 2011). The desired effect is not only a change in the life of the offender, but for their children, and in turn can reduce crime in the community.

Therefore, the Arnold Foundation’s study reveals that the “hidden costs of jail” are increased rates of recidivism among low and moderate risk offenders when they spend anywhere from two to thirty days in pretrial detention (Lowenkamp, VanNostrand, & Holsinger, 2013). Jail to the general public is believed to be a place where offenders are held for punishment, rehabilitation and ultimately to protect the public. The study conducted by the Arnold Foundation contradicts this belief. Low and moderate risk offenders generally are not rehabilitated from their stay in jail and the public’s safety is not increased by their pretrial detention. Once released from pretrial detention these defendants are more likely to recidivate than if they had been