Essay on Political Science

M. Merger explains that the key notions of the dominant American ideology are: individualism, equality of opportunity, meritocracy, work ethic and liberal

In 1787, one of the most debated issues was the size of the House of Representatives. During the Constitutional Convention, the delegates proposed that 40,000 citizens should be represented by one congressional district. However, George Washington intervened and argued that 40,000 was too high, and reasoned that 30,000 was more reasonable and allow people to be represented adequately Washington’s proposal was incorporated in Article One, Section Two of the Constitution which states “representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State.” While the number of representatives did increase throughout the history of the United States, the number has been set at 435 members since 1929. Congress in 1929 passed the Permanent Apportionment Act that set the number of representatives at 435, which was set after a 1910 census. Currently each representative represents 700,000 citizens and congressional seats are redistricted around the nation based on population changes. But the currently number of representatives does not adequately represent the present population and a single district cannot represent a huge number of people. Therefore, the current number of representatives must be increased.

Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution states that, “Representatives…shall be apportioned among several states...according to their respective Numbers.” Apportionment is the mathematical process of dividing and allocating the four hundred and thirty five seats in the House of Representatives among the fifty states based on the population figures collected by the Census Bureau. This process, according to the Constitution, must be conducted “within every subsequent Term of ten Years.” Each of the fifty states is guaranteed one representative. The number of House of Representatives from each state fluctuates every ten years due to population deviation.

“In the Senate, the states are represented equally, two Senators per state. In the House, the states are represented proportionally, based on population. This plan for representation is known as the "Great Compromise" and was a sticking point at the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. The tension stemmed from the fact that states are not created equal in size or population. In effect, the Senate represents the states and the House represents the people.”

Between the Senate and the House of Representatives, they try to balance their governments by establishing how many representatives and senators would be elected into each state. The amount of representatives that the state would elect would be based off of population, “Representatives … shall be apportioned … according to … (population).... The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand” (Constitution of the USA). The Senate would consist of two senators serving for a six-year term, “The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislatures thereof for six years” (Constitution of the USA). If the Senate or the House of Representatives were composed of different amounts of people, one would have more power than the other.

The lower house voted people in the upper house to represent them. The number of representatives in both houses would be proportional, or corresponding in size, to the population of each state.

The Constituents entails that illustration in the House of Representatives be assigned to states on the origin of residents. Every single decade, we total the quantity of individuals living in every state and, later making unquestionable that all state acquires one House participant, distribute up the rest. Enormous populace states like California acquire additional House chairs and minor states acquire just the one. A diversity of federal Court cases, however, smeared the fourteenth Amendment’s equivalent safety clause to the procedure of diagram legislative areas occasioning in a prerequisite that every region have unevenly the identical

In the United States, each state is divided into a number of districts proportional to the population of

| Who was the sociologist who argued that stratification applies only to societies that have at least minimal resources and can accumulate surpluses?Answer

The state should use citizen voting age population, so there will be less differential in the voters between different districts. For a long period of time, the Supreme Court doesn’t accept the redistricting claims of political question: is the Constitution guarantees that each day job a republican form of government for a long time. It was all left for the Congress and the states to fix the puzzle. However, Baker v. Carr (1962), the Court decided to hear the claims under the equal protection clause and noticed that one-person, one-vote can arise the equal protection clause of the constitution (Oyez, 1). This comes to a conclusion that the Supreme Court should develop some political philosophy, which enforce all states to follow it. However, it turns out that the supreme court has muddled through the definition of one person, one-vote and how state legislators should be working on at this

Is there any theoretical debate that is important? What is Partisanship and why is it relevant to American Politics?

Whereas a strongly conservatives averaged neutral on Ingroup / loyalty statements, while agreeing with fairness / Reciprocity, Harm / Care and Purity / Sanctity and strongly agreeing with Authority / Respect(Graham, Haidt and Nosek 2009).

Different ideologies tend to appeal to different demographic characteristics such as gender, class, race, etc. because a person’s background will affect which system of ideas they most closely align with. Liberalism and conservatism, for example, are ideologies that regularly contradict each other, because they appeal to different demographics based upon many factors such as class, race, gender, religion, etc. The general worldview of liberalism is that people have individual rights and liberty, while promoting progress. On the other hand, conservatism places greater importance of keeping tradition and strict regulation of rules. In determining the extent of appeal to different demographics, one must assess the ways in which both ideologies

D. Based on what you read in the section on “Policy Voting,” assess how easy it is to be a policy voter today.

Below you will see the table showing the Hamilton method of apportionment to determine the number of seats each state would receive.