Political Situation in Pakistan

There are two types of democracies, direct democracy and representative democracy. As one would expect, the two are very similar. Direct democracy and representative democracy are both systems of government in which power lies with the people whom are govern though the power of voting. The power of voting is how both systems emphasis the importance of people’s rights. There is also a common sense of self-empowerment to the people being govern in both types of government due to this right. Furthermore, there is a mutual prominence towards majority rule in the two systems.

As the most widely adopted form of democratic government there are many strengths associated with a parliamentary government. The parliamentary system is often praised for the fast and efficient way in which it is able to pass legislation. The reason this is possible is because unlike a presidential system the legislative and executive power in a parliamentary system are merged together. Due to this fusion of power legislation does not have to undergo a lengthy process and therefore laws can be formulated and put into place much quicker(Bates, 1986: 114-5). Another advantage of a parliamentary system is that the majority of the power is not held by one individual head of state but rather is more evenly divided among a single party or coalition. One of the main benefits of this is that as there is more of a division of power a parliamentary government is less prone to authoritarianism than a presidential system. Juan Linz argues that a presidential system is more dangerous due to the fact that; “Winners and losers are sharply defined for the entire period of the presidential mandate”(Linz, 1990: 56), this sharp line between winners and losers increases tension between these two groups and allows the winner to isolate themselves from other political parties (Linz, 1990: 56). Due to this tension and isolation a presidential system is at a higher risk of turning into an authoritarian regime than a parliamentary system.

The IMF has a history with the country of Pakistan which may be viewed as very problematic for the people of the country – depending on who you ask. In my research for one specific problem to write about pertaining this issue, I decided to encompass the entire project of Pakistan, which to many would be considered a massive failure on the part of the IMF and the ruling elite class of Pakistan.

Every country differs in their preference of political system to govern their countries. For democratic countries, two possible choices of governing are the presidential system and the parliamentary system. Since both the presidential and the parliamentary systems have their own strengths and weaknesses, many scholars have examined these two forms of government, and debate on which political system is more successful in governance. In this paper, I will first provide a detailed analysis of both the parliamentary and the presidential system. I will also evaluate each system’s strengths and weaknesses, addressing any differences as well as any commonalities. Finally, I will conclude by using historical examples to analyze and support the

To give the reader some background information, Bhutto displays an excerpt from the preamble of Pakistan’s Constitution. After defining Pakistan as an Islamic nation by stating that “sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah” (qtd. in Jacobus 175), the Constitution goes on to lay out some beliefs that coincide with those of Western democracy. The document claims that “the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and social justice… shall be fully observed… (and the citizens of Pakistan) shall be guaranteed fundamental rights, including… social, economic, and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief; faith, worship, and association” (175). The preamble goes on to declare “Pakistan (is)... a democratic State based on Islamic principles of social justice... dedicated to the preservation of democracy” (175-176). This passage presents the reader with the idea that, fundamentally, Islamic and democratic values correspond.

The present US-Pakistan bilateral relationship resembles a poor quality soap opera, full of sentimentality and melodrama. Words like lies, deceit, disloyalty and betrayal from a cast of characters including US President Trump and Pakistan’s powerful Army Chief Bajwa describe the state of the complex and strained relationship. The disruption in ties between the two countries comes at a crucial time when shared interests instead of silly exchanges should be driving policies, in a particularly dangerous and volatile part of the world.

For instance, if the parliament, acting on public opinion, was to make a law severely curbing the rights of some minority, the supreme court has the right to struck it down as unconstitutional, irrespective of the public support behind that law. This principle takes into account the notion that popular sentiments should not always be reflected in state policies, especially when they contradict the law. The process of judicial elections, however, is entirely based on public support as the basic legitimizing criteria for the justice system and fails to consider the fallibility of popular opinions. And, when judges are elected to their offices, the cannot work irrespective of public opinion which helped them gain their seat in the bench. Therefore, election of judges contradicts the basic principles of democracy as well as independence of the judiciary.

With the public participation in elections is diminishing among developed countries, the elected governments of those countries become less representative of the entire population. The UDHR asserts that the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government. If the government is elected by the minority of the population, the elected government does not truly reflect the will of the entire population within that country, and impliedly lacks the authority to rule the country. To remedy this problem, the implementation of compulsory voting dramatically and effectively raised the public participation in elections, and thus supported the legitimacy of the newly elected government to rule stably. It is possible to argue that compulsory voting ultimately leads to a more stable society because every citizen has been given an opportunity to choose their government and there will be no excuse for people to overturn their government that is reflecting the public will. This demonstrates that compulsory voting is consistent with the notion of preserving public order and safety manifested in the UDHR and the ICCPR.

Majority rule government and participatory administration are prominent political ideas in this day and age. Reasonable and free decisions are the key pre-essential of vote based system. Be that as it may, vote based system needs substance unless the constituent procedure is combined with the amazingness of the constitution, the principle of law, and common and political rights and flexibilities for the general population. The state must practice the guideline of equivalent citizenship independent of religion, rank, ethnicity and provincial foundation. It should likewise guarantee correspondence of chance to just for headway in social, financial and political areas and surety security of life and property of its subjects.

It’s been more than 68 years of so called independence but yet we are not free. Although we were assigned with a new territory and a new title yet we haven’t stood up on our own. Pakistan is enormously confined within a foreign group of countries. And they manipulate us as they want and we are bound to follow them. A country prospers only when the basic requirements, food, clothes and shelter, are rendered to its citizens. But to do so, first we have to liberate our homeland from foreign affairs. There are a number of factors that are responsible for the downfall of Pakistan. Let’s have a look on 10 primary reasons behind the downfall of Pakistan:

The instability, created by a decade of internal conflict in Afghanistan, allowed for outsider groups, such as the Soviet Union and later the Taliban, to seize power there. Even before the Soviet Invasion, Afghanistan was burdened with political instability, which stemmed from a lack of leadership at the presidential level and a power struggle between America and the USSR for access to the Afghan elites. This period of instability began under President Mohammed Daoud, who himself took power through a military coup against the previous leader, when he attempted to shift Afghanistan away from Soviet influence and towards America and the West. Daoud’s political maneuvering was faced with severe criticism from his main political opponents: the

Pakistan, due to its diverse range of terrain, is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from droughts to floods and earthquakes to cyclones. Pakistan suffered a major drought from 1995-2000. Pakistan almost every year suffers from floods but the destructions faced in 2010 have changed parameters of our thinking. Pakistan has also experienced earthquakes ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. Despite all these hazards, Pakistan is yet to

This period marked the ‘second wave’ of local government reform a military regime. The system of local government introduced in 1979 by General Zia-ul-Haq was the most representative in nature since independence. For the first time in the history of Pakistan, elections to all local councils in both rural and urban areas were held simultaneously on the basis of adult franchise and under the aegis of independent provincial election authorities.

The presidential government has distinctive characteristics compared to parliamentary system. According to Hargrove, “presidential government can be defined as by nature, single-person office, chosen for a fixed term by a uniquely national constituency, sharing virtually all the powers of the federal government with an equally distinct and independent congress” (Hargrove, 1984). The president, who is directly elected by public, is head of the government and also head of the state. It appears that the president has full support from public and also symbolizes the national representative and unifying figure. The “separation of power” and “check and balance” are main features in the presidential form of government. According to Abueva, “legislative power is vested in

Pakistan is an incredibly important nation when it relates to the United States and foreign policy. With just shy of two hundred million people, it is the sixth most populous nation on Earth and also has significant influence on southern Asian and middle eastern politics (Worldometers). In the coming paragraphs, many important factors of Pakistan such as geography, language, religion, and political make-up will be analyzed and discussed in how it relates to the United States and the military.