Political and Religious Ambitions: Dante’s Justification of Punishments in the Inferno

Often, we cannot see the good until we have experienced the bad. Dante Alighieri, a poet who makes himself the main character in his Divine Comedy, finds himself lost in a dark wood at the start of The Inferno. Though he sees a safe path out of the wood towards an alluring light, he is forced to take an alternate route through an even darker place. As the ending of the pilgrim Dante’s voyage is bright and hopeful, Alighieri the poet aims to encourage even the most sinful Christians to hope for a successful end. Thus, Dante the pilgrim goes to hell in The Inferno to better understand the nature of sin and its consequences in order to move closer to salvation; his journey an allegory representing that of the repenting Christian soul.

Dante’s The Inferno is his own interpretation of the circles of hell. The people that Dante places in hell tried to validate their offenses and have never seen the injustice of their crime or crimes. They were each placed in a specific circle in Hell, Dante has nine circles in his hell. Each circle holds those accountable for that specific crime. Each circle has its own unique and fitting punishment for the crime committed. There are three different main types of offenses; they are incontinence, violence, and fraud. These offenses are divided into Dante’s nine rings of Hell. Each of these rings has a progressively worse punishment, starting with crimes of passion and

In Dante’s Inferno, Dante (the poet) targets the balance of power between the papacy and empire. The imbalance between the two is at fault of the papacy, according to Dante, which is understood to be due to the great refusal. With the great refusal, the papacy was able to fulfill its greed for power which ultimately resulted in Dante’s exile. However, unlike other poets and other influential individuals of his time, specifically Thomas Aquinas, Dante took the next step to show how all these sins came together to contribute to social disorder. Dante’s divine comedy infiltrates the corruption in the church and its contribution to the political instability in Florence and even all of Italy (which was not unified) at the time. Dante explores the

The Inferno is a tale of cautionary advice. In each circle, Dante the pilgrim speaks to one of the shades that reside there and the readers learn how and why the damned have become the damned. As Dante learns from the mistakes of the damned, so do the readers. And as Dante feels the impacts of human suffering, so do the readers. Virgil constantly encourages Dante the pilgrim to learn why the shades are in Hell and what were their transgressions while on Earth. This work’s purpose is to educate the reader. The work’s assertions on the nature of human suffering are mostly admonition, with each shade teaching Dante the pilgrim and by extension the reader not to make the same mistakes. Dante views his journey through hell as a learning experience and that is why he made it out alive.

The role of religion, ancestry, and nationality are crucial in forming one’s identity. These items and more come together to create a sense of security for an individual. The narrative epic poem, The Inferno, by Dante Alighieri takes the reader with Dante on his journey through Hell and rediscovery of his identity. Dante’s journey commenced as a result to him falling into temptations whilst falling away from God. This led him to travel through the Dark Wood of Error which symbolizes the worldliness that occurs when one strays from the True Way, or God’s Way. The spirit of the poet Virgil, symbolizing Human Reason, appears and leads Dante away from the Dark Wood of Error and to the Divine Illumination with a journey through Hell. The need

Inferno, the first part of Divina Commedia, or the Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, is the story of a man's journey through Hell and the observance of punishments incurred as a result of the committance of sin. In all cases the severity of the punishment, and the punishment itself, has a direct correlation to the sin committed. The punishments are fitting in that they are symbolic of the actual sin; in other words, "They got what they wanted." (Literature of the Western World, p.1409) According to Dante, Hell has two divisions: Upper Hell, devoted to those who perpetrated sins of incontinence, and Lower Hell, devoted to those who perpetrated sins of malice. The

Dante Alighieri’s Inferno is world renowned for its meticulous envisionment of “Dante’s Hell,” having a variety of different rationales for its creation, possibly the most important being the events that occurred around the time. When Dante composed this timeless classic, the world around him was at a point of severe political corruption, there was massive religious unrest, and the people of Europe had started to engage in many sinful activities. During the production of the poem, Europe experienced political corruption like never before, including simony, the selling or purchasing of Church positions and privileges. In the third Bolgia of the eighth circle of Hell, the journeying Dante encounters the simoniacs, one of them being Pope Nicholas III, being “planted like a fence post upside down” while “the soles of both feet were aflame” (Dante.

Reason, logic, and pure thought are the compasses of humanity. Unfortunately, today no one even bothers to look at the compass or to ask for directions. The lack of logic and reason in our everyday decisions leads to the larger scale chaos that results from apathetic actions. Slowly, almost imperceptibly, as in Dante's case, we have slipped from our guide of Reason and shown pity to people, like Francesca and Paolo, who fall to carnal lusts, or to those like in the Wood of the Suicides. Like Dante, we are only too eager to hear their stories and report back to those above, still in the Dark Wood, of their fate. We feel as though the punishment which God, in His great Wisdom, has dealt out for them were unfair. And we fear for our own

 One of Dante’s most ingenious punishments are those for the avaricious and the prodigal. The avaricious sinners are those who were miserly on earth, and the prodigal were squanderers. Dante’s punishment for

In Dante's view the next circle of sin consists of acts of fraud. He classifies these sinners as seducers and panderers, flatterers, simoniacs, fortune tellers, grafters, hypocrites, thieves, evil counselors, sowers of discord, and counterfeiters or falsifiers. These are the souls who in life betrayed the confidence of another. They preyed on other people solely for gain and knowingly deceived without concern for their victims' psyche or physical being.

Dante also shows which sins he sees as the worst of sins, putting betrayers in the lowest circle of hell. Dante employs some common sense while discussing hell, putting obvious sinners in the lower circles and prone to harsher punishments, but he also puts the not-so obvious sinners in hell. Even though one may think he is doing the right thing, all motives are evaluated upon judgment and even a trace of selfishness or greed may threaten one’s chance in heaven. This is why Dante’s hell is rife with politicians and leaders. Although they may have the community’s best interests at heart, politicians become obsessed with fame and glory, often forgetting that they are representatives of the people.

Dante’s Inferno is an allegorical tale that reflects a tumultuous time in Florence. The Inferno reflects the common thinking of religion and Christianity at the time and through examination of both the Inferno and the systems theory, a better understanding of life in Florence, at that time, can be better comprehended. The systems theory is a model that explores the intertwined aspects of a given civilization. Dante’s Inferno details aspects of the systems theory that can be used to better understand the world in which Dante lived, especially the political chaos and religious values, through the allegorical use of political figures, varying degrees of eternal punishments, as well as the hierarchy of punishments and levels of hell.

Solely based on moral beliefs Dante's poem is obviously a deeply Christian standpoint. One might be surprised, then, to find that it is filled with allusions to pagan mythology and is populated not just by biblical figures, but also by characters of Greek and Roman myth and history. However taking place in hell on the evening of Good Friday through the morning of Easter Sunday in approximately the year 1300. The Inferno is an evil that is a contradiction to God's will; as most of the punishments of the sinners correspond symbolically to the sins they committed themselves. The walk through a dark and confusing world represents the life journey of men and women. Dante’s extensive literary treatment of death and afterlife aims to both comfort and warn; envisioning rewards for the

In the first book of the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri attempts to show God’s perfect justice, mercy, and love by presenting his own interpretation of Hell. In this endeavor, he fails miserably, instead showing a vicious God eager to punish the most miniscule of slights. When the setting of the book, particularly the time, is considered, one might argue that Dante did a fair job with his current representation. However, most of the punishments are insanely brutal and cruel, and most of the sins linked to them are paltry at best. What is worse, most of the truly heinous crimes are completely overlooked. Even for his time, and particularly in our time, Dante’s vision of hell brings God into a negative light.

In Dante’s Inferno, Dante the pilgrim is given the opportunity to take a journey through hell. Dante is at first a coward and is afraid to take the journey but then Virgil, his guide, convinces him to come on the journey. During this time Dante takes advantage of his opportunity to humiliate his enemies and proves to himself he was right about society. One of the sinners he sees on his journey is Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus and ended up committing suicide over his guilt. In comparison to Judas, Adolf Hitler committed a similar crime;, he killed millions of innocent people for their beliefs because he did not agree with them, betrayed his country, and committed suicide. Rosa Parks, on the other hand, uses human reasoning like Virgil does in The Inferno. Rosa Parks uses what she knows about how people tend to act and took necessary action to prove her point. By comparing the judgments of Adolf Hitler and Rosa Parks to the judgment in Dante’s Inferno, it shows that the unfair treatment of the minority in society an absolute standard of human morality over time has not changed, based on how the majority believes some mistreat others who believe and act differently in society, and that this advantage is a right, specifically those who are different deserve to be treated unfairly.