Polycystic Kidney Disease Case Study

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), also termed as a chronic renal condition, is characterised by kidney damage or a progressive loss of kidney function. This essay will provide an insight of chronic kidney disease including its pathophysiology, symptoms and its five stages of disease progression. The case of Glenda, an Aboriginal woman suffering from end-stage renal failure (ESRF), will be portrayed throughout the assignment. Further, the essay will elaborate different stages of CKD based on the findings of her assessment and describe the overall management of her condition. In addition, Glenda will be involved in the healthcare plan considering her cultural values and personal preference for the effective management of her case. For the management,

These people with are born with a mutated copy of the PKD1 (85% of cases) or PKD2 (15% of cases) gene in each cell and this mutated gene is inherited from one of their affected parents in about 90% of the time. The other 10 percent of cases result from new mutations in people with no history of the disorder in their family. This is known as acquired polycystic kidney disease. The PKD1 gene is located on chromosome 16 and PKD2 gene is located on chromosome 4. Not only are there mutations in the DNA of these genes but there may also be large deletions that remove sometimes up to 10 genes.

Polycystic Kidney Disease, also referred to as PKD, is an inherited disorder characterized by the growth of abnormal fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys (NKUDIC). There are two types of PKD, Autosomal Dominant and Autosomal Recessive, these depending on the genes of the client’s parents. PKD is a chronic, incurable disease that can lead to further renal complications including end stage renal disease and uremia. Approximately 600,000 Americans are affected by PKD, according to the Kidney and Urologic Diseases Statistics for the United States: NIDDK.

Since Polycystic Kidney Disease is inherited, healthcare providers will review patient’s family history. They will also do a complete blood count (CBC) to look for anemia or signs of infection. Another test that will be ordered

blood count indicates anemia due to decreased production of erythropoietin (Castner, 2010). A CT scan or MRI can evaluate the anatomy and function of the kidneys to help determine the cause and stage of the disease. A renal biopsy may also be performed. These diagnostic tests determine the progression of the disease. There are five stages of chronic kidney disease. The treatment plan depends on the stage of the disease. If it is diagnosed in stage one, the patient and physician can work to treat the contributing factors and slow the progression of the disease. By the fifth stage the patient is on dialysis, needs a transplant, or in the most severe cases is in hospice care (Castner, 2010).

“Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys. The cysts are noncancerous round sacs containing water-like fluid. The cysts vary in size and, as they accumulate more fluid, they can grow very large. A common complication of polycystic kidney disease is high blood pressure. Kidney failure is another common problem for people with polycystic kidney diseases” (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycystic-kidney-disease. )Jeremey’s grandfather passed away due to Polycystic. In 2015 his mother Lisa had a kidney transplant at the Mayo Clinic. With Jeremy having this disease, he is not sure if he would like kids or not. He still has time; he does not have a girlfriend at the

Mark is a four year old male who has been diagnosed with chronic renal failure. Mark has two older brothers, John and Max. His mom, Carol, is a teacher at the local elementary school. His dad, Mike, is a community police officer. Mark goes to preschool from 0800-1200 four days a week. They live in a rural community in small four bedroom house with their dog, Bruno. Everyone in the community seems close and supportive. Both Mark’s older brothers caught strep throat at school and then Mark caught it. The strep wasn’t treated for two weeks as his mother thought his symptoms were allergies. Mark was in the clinic with his mom with symptoms of decreased urine output, rusty colored urine, and swelling of the abdomen. The doctor diagnosed him

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs that vary in size containing water-like fluid (Igarashi, 2002). This can be associated with a number of conditions, including: High blood pressure, Urinary and kidney infections, Kidney stones, and Kidney failure (Audrézet, 2012). Furthermore, Kidney failure resulting from PKD is caused by a combination of Pressure from expanding cysts, compressing normal kidney tissue or scarring in the normal support tissue in the kidney (Audrézet, 2012). PKD can occur in two ways, one through spontaneous gene mutation and the other way is through inheriting the gene mutation. Polycystic Kidney Disorder (PKD) is

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a severe form of hereditary disease which results from a monogenic disorder. The disease causes enlargement alongside with functional impairment. It results in clusters of cysts mainly within the kidneys. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs consisting of water like fluid which vary in size depending on its accumulating growth (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). This cystic disease consists of two forms, an autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and an autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD). The purpose of this research paper is to increase chances of healthy babies born to couples whom both transmit a mutation of PKHD1 gene, wanting to have a child unaffected with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). A recessive mutation/disease is when the gene is inherited from both parents. This disease is of major interest due to the amount of individuals affected widely. Over 12.5 million individuals have PKD, with approximately 30% of affected children dying within their first year of life; making it a major source of morbidity and mortality concern (Miyazaki et al., 2015). ADPKD makes up to 96-98% of all cases, and ARPKD up to 2-5%. Although ADPKD is more harmful, the main focal point of this research paper is on autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Due to the abnormalities in the biliary plates it leads to congenital hepatic fibrosis in infants. Congenital hepatic fibrosis is the disease of the liver which is usually present from birth.

Introduction: Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder, which means that it is inherited from the parent and passed on to further generations. It causes uncontrollable cyst growth within the kidneys, that eventually can lead to kidney failure and the need of a kidney transplant. Five percent of kidney failure is due to this disease alone, (PKD Foundation). Not only can it affect the kidney, but many other organs, and cause a lot of painful symptoms, which will be discussed later in the paper. There are two types of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), one is called Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), and the other is called Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD).

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder primarily affecting the kidneys. It is characterized by growth of numerous cysts on the kidneys (McPhee, Papadakis & Rabow, 2014). The kidneys primary job is to filter the waste products from the blood into urine and ultimately out of the body. The cysts are primarily fluid filled and when they become enlarged, they interfere the normal functioning of the kidneys, leading to enlarged kidney (McPhee et al., 2014). When the enlarged kidney stops properly functioning leading kidney failure. It may take years before the kidneys totally loose function and then require dialysis, which is in only about half of the patients diagnosed with PKD. According to National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearing House (NKUDIC)(2007), mutations in genes PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1 cause polycystic kidney disease. Defects in the formation of epithelial cells and their cilium result in cyst formation and obstruction that is followed by destruction of renal parenchyma, interstitial fibrosis, and loss of functional nephrons (McCance, Heuther, Brasher, 2014). The renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular organs are the most common systems affected by PKD (McPhee et al., 2014).

The polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease: the kidney tissue is replaced by various cysts. In nephrology it is usual to distinguish between the two forms of the disease, one of them, in particular, affects the adult, while the other is more typical of the newborn. The disease impairs the functioning of the kidneys. The causes of these problems are to be sought in a genetic mutation. The symptoms differ according to the stage of disease: it starts from abdominal pain, to reach even to infections that affect the kidneys and the urinary tract.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,

The authors of this article hypothesize that early identification and intervention through the primary care clinicians will decrease the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and improve patient outcomes overall. They evaluate a specialist nurse led intervention in the primary care setting to see if specific risk factors in a study sample of adults at “high risk CKD progression” which include uncontrolled type II diabetes, hypertension, and history of poor clinical attendance. This was clearly stated in the abstract of the article. It is reflected throughout the research by describing what specific measurements were used to evaluate this research question, and reiterated in the results and conclusion sections of the article. They want

At the end of our 2 weeks of data gathering and completing the study, the group aims to accomplish the following: