Polyhydroxyalkanoates Phas Essay

This report is Part 1 of assignment for Marketing MBA 565-MBOL1 to Dr. Stephen Baglione

In making PNA a prospect for drugs, researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for using PNA oligomers to activated or suppress the transcription, replication, or repair of specific genes by binding DNA is various ways. PNA oligomers and conventional nucleic acids have the same problem of poor bioavailability because they are large water loving molecules making it difficult for them to enter cells. The productions of PNA based drugs awaits the development of suitable chemical modifications or pharmaceutical formulations to improve PNA bioavailability. Researchers believe this is the only thing holding back this medical breakthrough.

The purpose of this experiment was to perform a nucleophilic substitution reaction to construct a biologically active compound from two simple parts and then to recrystallize the product collected, which is a purification technique that purifies solids based on differences in solubility. In order to accomplish this, other techniques such as heating at reflux, and suction filtration were used. Heating at reflux is a technique used in lab that allows a solution to be heated for a certain amount of time once it begins boiling. Suction filtration is a separation technique that is combined with a water aspirator and was used to collect the product from this experiment, which was 2-methylphenooxyacetic acid.

Experiment 3 - Chromatography – Analyzing Analgesics by TLC and Isolation of β–Carotene by Column Chromatography

For PEI Transfection, we added 1 ml of Trypsin to a T-25 flask of 293T cells and incubate at 37 0C for 10 minutes. Then, we supplemented 10 ml of DMEM (2.5%), FBS (15), P.S medium to the flack and finally transferred to dish and put back in CO2 incubator. After 5 days, we diluted plasmid DNA (ug) in 250 ul of 150mm NaCl in a sterile tube, and diluted 40 ul of PEI into 250 ul of 150 mm NaCl in second sterile tube. After that, incubated each separate tube for 5 minutes at RT and then mixed the DNA tube with the PEI tube. We put the tube in incubator for 2-5 minutes at RT, supplemented dropwise to cells, and put back into incubator. The important steps that was added helper virus (VSV) to cells and put it in the CO2 incubator; then, collected supernatants that contains our

The synthesized plastic polymer PHA is a natural organic polymer derived from bacteria. These synthesized plastic polymers have a plethora of functions and benefits, but its most important function is its use in improving water quality.

Xanthomonas is the bacterium which secrets polysaccharide which in actuality is Xanthan Gum, which is commonly used as a food thickening agent(salad dressing) and a stabilizer. Xantham Gum is produced by fermenting glucose,sucrose or lactose, followed by precipitation of polysaccharide from a growth medium with isopropyl alchohol,dried and ground into a fine powder. Later it is added to a liquid medium to form the gum.

The purpose of the experiment was to isolate plasmid DNA, followed by restriction digestion using restriction endonucleases and then visualizing the digested fragments after subjecting to gel electrophoresis. Plasmid DNA (pSP72 DNA) was isolated from Escherichia coli KAM32 (E.coli) cultures using the QIA prep miniprep kit and then subjected to restriction digestion by EcoRI and HindIII. The restriction digested DNA was then loaded into the wells of 0.7% agarose gel and subjected to electrophoresis. It can be concluded from our results that our plasmid DNA isolation was successful and the restriction digestion results were partially in agreement with our hypothesis.

The first thing to do with a situation like this would be to first find out all the needed information about the gene you can. The first important thing would be the size of the gene on the chromosome, because viruses only have a certain amount of DNA/RNA they can hold inside their virus particle. The gene is found on chromosome 20 and is 15,438 bp in length (NCBI). So, the only type of gene therapy vector that would be able to carry a gene that large would be the Herpes Simplex Virus. HSV has a carrying capacity of over 30kb, so this would more than fit the entire length of the gene in the virus particle. It also is a good fit because after looking up information on PRPc, because it is a cell-surface copper-binding glycoprotein expressed

Many molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides are physically embedded in polymers to create a complex network of interconnecting pores through which the drug could subsequently diffuse. The pore structure and polymer composition is controlled in order to design systems that release the drug at nearly any rate and for nearly

Objective: The purpose of today’s laboratory was to introduce a foreign gene into a cell using recombinant DNA technology by utilizing the techniques of DNA ligation and transformation of E.coli. Data was collected in the form of agar plates in order to analyze which colonies took up the vector alone and which colonies took up the

Despite its more complex composition and toxic nature, polyacrylamide is preferable to aragose in the analysis of smaller macromolecules because it possesses unique properties that allow for a widely alterable and reproducible pore size. Pore size can be manipulated similarly with the augmentation of medium concentration, but due to its synthetic nature, pore size is most reliably reproduced in polyacrylamide matrixes. This potential for uniform, significantly reduced permeability, allows for a high range of electrophoretic resolution, and therefore, highly detailed analysis of small and fragmented macromolecular components. Preparative protein electrophoresis may be performed within this matrix prior to analytical protein electrophoresis when assessing large samples of study material. The utilization of specific matrixes during electrophoresis, therefore, is crucial to the accurate assessment of these key

Probiotic or drug viability can be optimized by providing a physical barrier separating unfavourable conditions from the delicate cargo. Furthermore, calcium alginate demonstrates non-toxic properties deeming it worthy as a promising delivery agent for probiotics or drugs. On the other hand, limitations associated with the experiment performed include; lack of a secondary or multi- additional coating, texture, and flavour of the polymer. Additionally, limitations associated with simulated stomach acid involve the absence of peristalsis; a primary component of smooth-muscle movement through-out the digestive system. Future applications in regards to calcium alginate may one day implement the use of the biopolymer for; probiotic and drug delivery, wound-sealing, probiotic dressings, and perhaps tissue engineering. In conclusion, calcium alginate exhibits exceptional protective properties from chemical or mechanical factors and holds promise as an effective encapsulation technology for the delivery of probiotics and perhaps drug

Where P is the polyol, D is the diisocyanate and C is the chain extender. Polyol, or the so-called soft segment, is an oligomeric macromonomer comprising a “soft” flexible chain terminated by hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The chain extender is usually a small molecule with either hydroxyl, or amine end groups. The diisocyanate is a low molecular weight compound that can react with either the polyol or chain extender, leading to the interesting segmented structure. In linear polyurethanes, the three components have a functionality of two. If a branched or crosslinked material is desired, multifunctional polyols, isocyanates, and sometimes chain extenders can be incorporated into the formulation. Due to the statistical nature of the copolymerization, polyurethanes have both a distribution in total molecular weight and adistribution in the hard segment sequence length, those copolymer sequences denoted as D(CD)n, that follow essentially a most probable distribution.

Organic compounds are, by definition, any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic information from one cell to the other.