Polymer Drug And Its Effects

The aim of present work was to develop and evaluate risperidone (BCS Class II drug from antipsychotic category) nanosuspension stabilized with combination of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Pluronic® F-68 as stabilizers. Lyophilization as solidification method was accessed for its suitability with selective cryoprotectants (Trehalose dihydrate and sorbitol). Various process parameters affecting average particle size and PDI were optimized. Formulation was found to be stable at 5°C for 3 months. Cumulative drug release profile obtained shown developed nanosuspension formulation to be giving cumulative % release of ~50% in initial 10 hours whereas value for unprocessed drug was ~11% in same time frame. These findings suggest that developed

Sucrose is known to be insoluble in organic solvents such as dichloromethane (DCM) while Aspirin is soluble in DCM. Primarily, sucrose was removed so that it can be separated easily from the functioning ingredients that were present in Panacetin. Given that sucrose would not be able to dissolve if Panacetin was directly dissolved in the DCM. Aspirin however, is insoluble in water but it is known to contain a carboxylic acid group so it then will be able to react with sodium bicarbonate that is why the aspirin was recovered by reacting the conjugate base with hydrochloric acid. Finally, both Acetanilide and Phenacetin did not consist of an acidic hydrogen so instead they did not react with

Many molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides are physically embedded in polymers to create a complex network of interconnecting pores through which the drug could subsequently diffuse. The pore structure and polymer composition is controlled in order to design systems that release the drug at nearly any rate and for nearly

Docetaxel (doe-se-TAKS-sel) is a man-made antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agent developed to treat different types of cancers by stop cancer cell replication. Antimicrotubule agents such as docetaxel inhibit the microtubule structure of the cell ultimately results in the cells death. Microtubules are part of the cell's machinery for dividing and replicating itself. Belonging to the taxoid family Docetaxel is an antineoplastic. Also known as Taxotere its original trademarked brand name but is also available under these generic names from several manufacturers Pfizer, Sandoz, Hospira, Accord, and Activas. Docetaxel is used by itself or with other cancer medications prescribed. Docetaxel is most commonly used to treat breast, lung, prostate, stomach, and head cancers.

Development of suitable drug delivery systems is highly important not only to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the drug but also minimize its toxic side effects. Acyclovir is an antiviral agent and is the drug of choice for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. Acyclovir, is currently marketed as capsules, tablets and suspension for oral administration. However, the oral absorption of acyclovir is slow, variable, and incomplete due to its poor solubility in both aqueous and lipophilic environments. As a result, the oral dosage forms of acyclovir fail to achieve desired therapeutic levels at the target sites following oral dosing. Therefore, frequent dosing or higher doses are prescribed which often cause

Example-2: Nelfinavir-PLGA NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. Drug:polymer weight ratio was varied from 1:1 to 1:5 and particle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were measured. Among the drug:polymer weight ratios prepared, 1:4 ratio was chosen as optimal. NPs found to exhibit sustained drug release up to 24 h and there was a 4.94-fold increase in relative bioavailability compared to pure drug (Venkatesh et al. 2015).

The Viscosity is optimum for 1.5% carbopol concentration since it has good flow and consistency unlike the 1% and the 2%, these both have either less or more viscosity compared to the optimum 1.5% carbopol. Viscosity of the optimized gel was found to have a range of 754-1350cp. Among which 1.5% concentration of carbopol gave good results of 1290±7cp. Determination of viscosity of gel matrix, is important as it assists in evaluating the penetration across the skin by controlling the release of the drug into the receptor medium. The same trend was observed by Lin et al., (2014) on the viscosity of apigenin ethosomes formulation [25].

In order to substantially increase the oral bioavailability of the prohormones currently on the market, there must be some modifications to the actual structure and system of delivery. There are a couple of ways to do that, but no one has yet bothered:

Marcela Ramirez-Campos Y et al reported that the effect of formulation variables on verapamil hydrochloride release from hydrated HPMC matrices, among different variables that influence drug release from hydrated hydrophilic matrices, the polymer proportion, the drug dose and the matrix pH can be included. The release profiles showed zero order kinetics for drug dissolution proportions up to 70%.The increase of the matrix pH from 5.0 to 8.0 increased the release rate. The effect of both pH and drug load becomes lesser as the matrix polymer proportion increases from 5% to 15% w/w.

However, PPIs cannot be simply dropped into the stomach because they will not reach their target. They are prodrugs that are activated in the presence of an acidic environment. The drugs must be absorbed by the small intestine and reach the circulation via parietal cells and be exported to the canaliculi of the stomach so that the first nucleophile they see is the PPI. Enteric coatings or admixture with bicarbonate are ways to protect the prodrug from acid before they are systemically

Hence the present study was aimed to prepare mucoadhesive microspheres of sildenafil citrate using neem gum as bio compatible polymer and which would could prolong the release and enhance bioavailability of the

The overall aim of this proposal is to synthesis a biocompatible nanocomplex which as an ability to pass through the BBB and specifically to treat GBM by sustained drug release. Then, to study the synergistic reinforced effect of two drugs and their resistance against fast clearance. Herein, we hypothesis, that our synthesized nanocomplex will have increased bioavailability of drugs, increased specificity for BBB and GBM, reduced drug side effects and finally, has targeted and sustained drug release.

Hybrid drugs (drug conjugates, dual ligands) are compounds that incorporate two drugs (pharmacophores) in one single molecule (Fig. 2iii). The two pharmacophrores could be either directly linked or connected by a longer cleavable or non-cleavable linker/spacer described previously. Hybrid drugs are expected to exert simultaneous dual action at different biological targets, which might result in enhanced efficacy compared to single-target drugs. Although this class of conjugates is not yet available in the market, some conjugates showed promising anticancer effects both in vivo and in vitro. Recent developments in the field have been reviewed by (Gediya & Njar, 2009), (Fortin & Berube, 2013), (Nepali et al., 2014), and (Kucuksayan & Ozben,

Table: 40 Evaluation of Bilayer Tablets of Metoprolol Succinate SR and Hydrochlorothiazide IR after Stability Study at 40°C±2°C/75% ±5%RH

Precondition for the absorption of an orally administered drug is its release from the formulation in dissolved form. When drug is complexed with cyclodextrin, dissolution rate and consequently absorption is enhanced. Reducing the hydrophobicity of drugs by cyclodextrin complexation also improves their percutaneous or rectal absorption. In addition to improving solubility, cyclodextrins also prevent crystallization of active ingredients by complexing individual drug molecules so that they can no longer self-assemble into a crystal