Porphyrin

1. Our percent yield for alcohol was 84.2% which is average. We rushed through our vacuum filtration and probably did not let the solid dry long enough and might have not transferred all of the solid to the vacuum filtration from the beaker.

The hardest part of parenting is ensuring there is proper communication between the parent and child. This reality is made true in “Phaethon” a poem written by Morris Bishop. In this poem, a child asks his father if he can take the car, the father then responds by telling his son the myth of Phaethon, which is a myth about the fall of Phaethon after he attempts to ride Apollo’s chariot. The father uses humour to connect with his child and this shows his responsibility. The humour in “Phaethon” is created by the speaker's use of allusion and imagery which creates a more light hearted tone, this suggests that it is the responsibility of parents to use methods such as humour to make the child feel acknowledged and understood leading to more

Usually, the percent is a good amount less than 100 because of multiple factors including transfer between different lab tools and when an unfulfilled reaction takes place. In the case of this experiment, copper most likely was lost between transfers of the Copper (II) solution, although loss was attempted to be minimized. Also, after the reaction, the copper was filtered and some mass could have lost if the reaction was not fully carried out and all of the copper did not precipitate out of the solution. But, when the copper oxidized overnight on the heater, the reaction with oxygen added mass to the ending mass of copper. These areas of losing and gaining mass throughout the procedure equaled out in the end because the percent yield was very close to 100% as the actual yield was 0.7 grams of copper and the theoretical yield was 0.71 grams of copper. If the copper did not oxidize, it is believed that the percent yield would not have been as close to 100% as it was because the oxygen gave mass back that was lost along the way of the

Therefore, the experimental yield is larger than theoretical yield. This indicates an error in how the result was produced, this could have been caused by a number of different factors. The first possible reason for this error could be a result of the drying process of the amino group. The product was left out for several minutes, however despite this the product was still wet after the drying process over should have been complete, thus increasing the mass of our product and therefor increasing the percent yield. Another possible factor in this over calculation is an excess of 4-aminophenol, which was 1.008g instead of 1 gram. Additionally, a number of errors could have been the result of time management, which in the future will need to improve. In the process of cooling reactants (4-aminophenol and acetic acid) in ice water, time could have been used more effectively in other parts of the experiment. This could have been a major factor in why 3 hours were used to complete the lab. Despite these potential errors we found that both acetaminophen and 4-aminophenol were alcohols as they produced a color change in the Cerium Test. This means that both these compounds have a hydroxyl group which coincides with the resulting chemical structure record on our green sheet. Using the Universal Indicator Test the pH of 4-aminophenol was found to be slightly basic whereas the acetaminophen was acidic. These

After synthesizing tert-butyl chloride, the melting point on the compound was found to be 47˚C. According to literature, tert¬-butyl chloride has a melting point of 51˚C, apart from a little bit of deviation, this shows that the correct compound was created. The percent yield obtained for the synthesis of tert-butyl chloride was 47.42%. This could have been due to errors that occurred in the lab. When moving the solution from one test tube or graduated cylinder to another some of the solution may still be left in the tube which lowers the percent yield. Also when working with a simple distillation setup, the vial is not distilled to dryness therefore some of the solution is not collected. Some of the solution can also be trapped on the side

The filter paper, holding the aspirin crystals, was removed from the funnel and was left to dry before being weighed. Once the aspirin crystals were weighed, the theoretical yield and the percent yield of the experiment were calculated. The procedure was repeated once more using the same steps.

Numerous factors can determine the percentage yield of a chemical reaction. Such as the nature of the reaction, the conditions in which the reaction is carried out and the nature of the reactants used in the reaction. In this investigation the percentage yield was to be determined using the following chemical reaction:

1. Suggest at least one chemical reason why your percent yield is less than 100%. (Incomplete reactions? Side reactions? Stability of reagents?)

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the many physical and chemical properties of copper as it undergoes a series of chemical reactions. Throughout this process, one would also need to acknowledge that even though the law of conservation of matter/mass suggests that one should expect to recover the same amount of copper as one started with, inevitable sources of error alter the results and produce different outcomes. The possible sources of error that led to a gain or loss in copper are demonstrated in the calculation of percent yield (percent yield= (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100.

The common solvents and counter-ions employed in the synthesis metalloporphyrin are chloroform, methanol, dimethylforamide, acetate buffer, pyridine, metal carbonyl and acetylacetone. In general, the selection of solvent depends on the solubility of porphyrin. For example, the chloroform was selected for metallation of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) due to the solubility of TPP in chloroform. Besides, the metal counter-ion as “carrier” of metal should be considered as well, as the solubility of metal salt also affect the metallation of porphyrin.

Dendrimers are monodisperse and hyperbranched macromolecules, unlike linear polymers. They are being used in the targeted delivery of drugs and other therapeutic agents. Drug can be loaded either in the interior of the dendrimers or can be attached to the surface groups or both. Dendrimers can be used to protect or deliver drugs to specific sites in the body or as time-release vehicles for biologically active agents.

In 1922, at the University of Illinois, William C. Rose began to research amino acids and its relations to metabolism and nutrition. After years of research, Rose discovered Threonine in 1935. Threonine is one out of three proteinogenic amino acids that have an alcohol group. It is one of the twenty amino acids that are common in animal proteins and needed for regular functioning in humans. It is also considered an essential amino acid because the human body cannot synthesize it from other compounds, therefore, it must be taken with a diet. Threonine is also a hydrophilic molecule, meaning that it is charge-polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding, which enables it to dissolve better in water than in hydrophobic solvents.

Pfizer is a foremost, transnational, pharmaceutical company (Moseley, 2009). Viagra, or sildenafil citrate, was initially produced by Pfizer and was intended for the treatment of hypertension and other symptoms of heart disease; treatment, not a cure, for male impotence or erectile dysfunction was an unanticipated side effect. The initial stages of Viagra marketing ads were metaphorical advertisements with men pulling trucks out of the mud with horses. Viagra then switched to a direct approach toward women encouraging men to seek treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). Viagra was also marketed by former US State Senator Bob Dole on television commercials. Pfizer is an established leader in the market for the treatment of ED and holds a patent on sildenafil citrate until 2020

Quinapril is a monoethyl ester which is hydrolysed in the liver after absorption to frame a dynamic metabolite, quinaprilat, which is a more intense angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor than the parent drug. Quinaprilat has a short disposal half-life yet a powerful tying fondness for ACE.

Explore how Gillian Clarke and Charles Causley present the relationship between a parent and child in ‘Catrin’ and ‘What has happened to Lulu?’