Portable Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

CHE 135 Experiment 2, General Chemistry III Lab, Spring Quarter 2015-2016, DePaul University. [Online] htps://www.d2l.depaul.edu (April 19, 2016).

From this graph and chart we can see that the higher the concentration the higher the absorbance, all the different concentrations were tested at the same wavelength (625nm). Also we can determine our unknown substances concentration by using the absorbance we got for it. The red dot on the graph followed by the line towards the horizontal axis indicates that the concentration of fast green was 34% or 5.1x10-3.

A spectrophotometer’s purpose is to use colors of the light spectrum to determine the concentration of light absorbing molecules in a solution. (p.59) In this particular lab, our mission was to determine the protein concentration and the standard curve of the unknown sample of BSA. This, by preparing five dilutions of the unknown solution of BSA together with other known concentrations, and then experimenting by observing how the concentrations were passed through the spectrophotometer. The outcome resolved in the absorption levels being decreased, and this

Amethyst is purple quartz; the color is caused by iron (Fe4+) impurities. Azurite is a copper mineral. Calcite is a very common and widespread mineral and has highly variable forms and colors. Lodestone is a natural magnet. Mica is a sheet silicate. Rose quartz is translucent and a variety of the silica mineral quartz, found in pegmatite. Talc almost always found in foliated masses in metamorphic rocks with many carbonate minerals. Pyrite is a very common mineral. The brassy-yellow metallic color of pyrite has lead people to mistaking it for Gold, so its common nickname is

10. The minerals shown in Figure 1.12 (p. 7 lab book) are fluorite and topaz that have been tested for hardness. Use the Mohs scale in Figure 1.11 (p. 7 lab book) to identify which is fluorite and which is topaz.

The base of the light triangle, b, was measured first. Then, the light positions, a, were measured f=or the first order (m=1) and second order (m=2) light beams to determine the angle Ɵ for each. This data was organized in an Excel table and used to find the wavelength, λ, of the laser through Equation 1. This value was then compared to the theoretical value for wavelength of the laser, which was 6.328x〖10〗^(-7)m, and the percent error was calculated between the two.

Part A shows how limited the range of the Spectronic 20 spectrometer is. It did not measure transmittances below 400 nm or above 575 nm. This means the light source emitted those wavelengths of light so weakly they were not detected by the instrument.

Also because of the carbonate test it was determined that there was a carbonate in the mineral. Results and Discussion The mass of the mineral before the roasting procedure was 0.507 grams. The mineral was weighed because it is needed to make the necessary calculations and to determine the mineral. The

CHE 133 Experiment 3, General Chemistry II Lab, Spring Quarter 2014-2015, DePaul University. [Online] https://www.d2l.depaul.edu (accessed April 25, 2015)

Wollastonite is a calcium inosilicate mineral which has industrial importance worldwide because of its properties. It is used in many industries mostly by tile factories which have incorporated it into the manufacturing of ceramic to improve many aspects. Wollastonite is typically associated with Calcite, Diopside, and Garnet as minor components, and the main aim of the test was to investigate a physical separation process that can recover 90% Wollastonite. The test work was conducted on 6 ton material with top size of -1.2mm running at head grade of 53% Wollastonite. The scoping characterisation of the ore was conducted using Hpgr, Permanent magnetic rolls, Winnower and Electrostats. The Hpgr results showed that there was no significant difference

This project focuses on preparing samples for major and trace element analyses of the Cat Hills volcanic field. Fourteen rock samples were collected from different locations from the Cat Hills volcanic field. Whole rock samples were crushed with a Chipmunk jaw crusher to obtain gravel-sized particles. Samples were separated using sieves with a mesh spacing of 0.0037 inches and 0.0195 inches. Gravel-sized samples collected from the 0.0195 sieve fraction were leached in 5% nitric acid for 25 minutes, rinsed in distilled water, and allowed to dry. After drying, gravels were powdered using a tungsten carbide

Due to the advancements in nanotechnology, the tiny CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor) sensors common in smartphones and the fundamentals of the mantis shrimp’s vision allowed the team to make a simple imaging sensor versus older polarized imaging devices in the past that tend to be large and use multiple sensors that require optics, engineering and physics experts to operate properly.

Marble is a metamorphic rock. Marble is placed among the oldest part of earth crust. Marble is a translucent stone that allows light to enter and produce glow. Marble is non-foliated and uniform in structure. Marble is primarily white in color. Pure marble is composed of mineral calcite. (Nave) It is available in many other colors as well. Impurities in marble give it different colors ranging from white to black. (Nave)These impurities are present at the time of formation of marble. Marble is a beautiful and relative soft stone. Since ancient times marble is part of flooring and statue making. Now a days it is used as building material especially for bath tubs and sink tops. Marble is a very hard rock than its parent rock. This makes polishing marble easier and a useful material for construction. (Metamorphic Rocks)

Degree of saturation calculations showed that gypsum precipitated sometime before sample 2 was taken and peaked around the time sample 4 was taken. Although calculated degrees of saturation for halite did not exceed 1, the sudden decrease in sodium and chloride ions in solutions indicate that precipitation most likely occurred, and then exhausted the ions to the point where the solution was no longer saturated. Because the precipitate was not analyzed, whether or not halite did precipitate out is not known. The order of precipitation recorded in the experiment agrees with Usiglio’s original

Such delay can be introduced alternatively by calcite plates. Consequently, to detect spectral interference, and to trace the relative delay between the pulses in different channels, a small fraction (~2.5%) of the broadband beam was directed through a Glan-Thomson polarizer to the entrance of a fiber spectrometer. Because the Glan-Thomson polarizer projects S-and P-polarized components of adjacent channels on the same axis, and adjusts their relative amplitude depending on its angle, it can enable their spectral interference. Spectral fringes were recorded between pulses of ChDUV and ChVIS-UV, ChVIS-UV and ChVIS, as well as ChVIS and ChNIR. Once the two beams were brought to interference, spectral interferometry was used to derive the relative delays between pulses in adjacent channels.