Positivist And Interpretivism As A Research Approach

The methodology was described with the data collection method. Quantitative and qualitative questionnaire which consisted of closed questions with a choice of fixed answers and free text to enhance qualitative data were sent out in the form of mailshot, followed by telephone call to non-respondents and it was repeated for more wider sample results to gain more evidence to reduce bias (Parahoo, 2006).

“Problems researched with the use of appropriate methods greatly enhance the value of the research.” (Sekaran, 2003) Data can be collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and through other techniques, like projective tests. In even more detail, interviews can be conducted in a variety of different ways such as over the phone, through the computer, interviews through the electronic media, and face-to-face. Questionnaires can be conducted personally or administered electronically. “Interviewing, administering questionnaires, and observing people and phenomena are the three main data collection methods in survey research.” (Sekaran, 2003) As stated before, data can be collected in many different ways; however the value of the research is only greatly enhanced when personal opinions and bias is left out of the collection of data.

The survey is the most familiar and ever-present method used to collect demographic information, feelings, and opinions, and to learn about a defined population (Graziano & Raulin, 2010). Also, use of a web-based survey will allow for immediate distribution of data (Greenlaw & Brown-Welty, 2009). In addition, to get a feel for the type of question to best use on the questionnaire, a focus group will also be used. Questions will on the survey will be related to the following information needed, i.e., 1)

The research process is a systematic approach that is carried out with a particular aim or purpose. However, in order to come up to a conclusion based on the objective of the research, the researchers collect a multitude of information that can be analyzed. This is a normal course of action that is applied to all research and evaluation projects, despite of the fact that research method involves a scientific method of inquiry or an evaluation based research or action research.

One advantage of using interpretivist methods of research is that the responses are valid and close to the truth. With the individual mattering they give a good reflection of how people are truly feeling often providing an accurate picture and measuring what the researcher set out to measure.

Research paradigms are ‘the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on shared by members of a given community’ (Kuhn, 1970, p.175). The three most common paradigms are positivism, constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism. Each of these can be categorised further by examining their: ontology, epistemology and methodology. Fundamentally, ontology is the nature of reality, epistemology describes the relationship the investigator has with their version of reality, and methodology is the various techniques and tools used to analysis their research.

In general, there are several methods for data collection and the different data collection methods provided its own advantages and disadvantages (Sekaran 2003, p. 223). For carrying out the data collection, the appropriate methods should be applied. In the research, the data collection could be done through the interview, for example, face-to-face and telephone interview. To collect the data by using interview technique, the questionnaire is commonly employed as the instrument for gathering data, the questionnaire could be able to distribute by mail or electronic mail. In addition, the data collection could be conducted by observation of individuals with or without audio or video recording. Before choosing the methods for data collection the expertise of the researcher, the degree of accuracy required, time and resources must be taken into consideration. Thus,

This study will use quantitative methods of research. The major advantage of using quantitative research design is that it is an exceptional method for making conclusions and agreeing or disagreeing to any

Research methodology is a way how the research is conducted step by step and in order. There are two methods used for data collection which is the primary data and secondary data. These data can be obtained and used many ways. The data is taken and analyzed in advance to produce a result that we can use for research and future reference. This study will relate to the objective we want to achieve and finding the answer to every objective we seek. In order to successfully achieve the objectives we seek, we must know

Research means process of generating and analyzing information. The system of collecting data for research projects is knows as research methodology. The data may be collected for either theoretical or practical research.

Considering the above facts, the present study adopts the Descriptive Simple Survey Design. A simple survey was initially conducted to collect basic demographic information as well as to understand certain specific socio-cultural indicators.

The survey was distributed by email, text, paper format, and mobile applications, and data was collected by researches in the same way.

The online survey is easy to use for respondents when compare to other method like interview as people can access internet to answer survey, complete the survey in a short time. Increase in internet use communication can benefit the research, online survey research was a time-consuming task, different participants can do the survey at the same time and it is convenience and easy to reach people.

Survey questionnaire was used as an instrument to gather data. The research procedures were divided into three stages.

In survey method research, participants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend.