Possible Underlying Determinant Of Depressive Disorder

"Depression occurs in 20% of the united states population. Women are more likely to be effected then men and as many as 15% of people with severe depression, commit suicide" (Byke,1). Depression. It is something not many people know a lot about. Most people often think it just means sadness, but it means much more. In todays society, depression affects many people. To fully understand depression, one must look at the causes of depression, the affect depression has on the people who suffer from it and how it is currently being treated.

The popular Disney film, Beauty and the Beast, the beloved character, Beast, seems to have the characteristics of depression, and learned helplessness. Martin Seligman began an experiment of shocking dogs in 1956. His study involved evaluating the reaction to a dog being allowed to escape during being shocked. Some of these animals were classically conditioned to associate the ringing of a bell to a shock given. Within the next few experiments, the dogs would either run away at the sound of a bell or show a fear related behavior. For some of the dogs used in the experiment, although get could escape the enclosure from a shock, they didn't, they just sat there and took the pain; Seligman explained this as being “Learned Helplessness”.

Clinical Depression is a serious common neurological disorder that can affect anyone from the adolescents to the elderly. Clinical Depression affects the mood, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and symptoms could become severe if left untreated. Clinical Depression is widespread and common, but also misunderstood and we should be well informed on the causes, effects, and treatments of depression.

Which quickly led to the dissolution of the Soviet bloc. But more importantly, these reforms contributed to the spread of nationalist oppositional groups which further weakened the Soviet Union. As a result, Gorbachev’s reforms undermined both communism and the Soviet Bloc leading to its rapid demise, contrary to his intentions. Consequently, hard-liners within the communist party attempted to stage a coup against Gorbachev in order to reassert their control over Eastern Europe. This coup, failed resulting in the Baltic states’ demands for independence. By December 1991, all 15 republics had declared their independence and subsequently, the Soviet Union seized to exist.

Major depression is a commonly diagnosed psychological disorder affecting individuals’ ability to feel happiness and peace of mind. Those who suffer experience negative emotions, lack of motivation, changes in behaviour and dysfunctional cognitive symptoms. Depression is classified by the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as five of more of the listed symptoms present persistently over the same two weeks. One of these symptoms must be depressed mood or loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities. Depression causes disruption to typical daily life such as inability to maintain friendships and jobs. Other symptoms outlined by the DSM-5 include; insomnia, fatigue and recurrent thoughts of death. There is much debate over what exactly causes depression. Biological explanations question hereditary and neurotransmitter factors. While psychological theories include the cognitive ideas of Beck’s negative triad and hopelessness theory. This essay will focus on the ways in which psychological and biological explanations contrast and how their theories can overlap to better understand depression.

Founded in December of 1922 after five years of Civil War, the Soviet Union was a collection of countries united by communism. It lasted 69 years before collapsing from numerous internal issues and outside influence. Some of the numerous causes of its collapse include the introduction of western ideas, stagnation of the economy following the invasion of Afghanistan, loss of the Eastern Satellite states of Poland and East Germany, and reforms that opened up the country to outside influence. The Fall of the Soviet Union has had many effects, including establishing the United States as the sole superpower, the rise of Vladimir Putin, the collapse of the Russian Economy and Putin’s rise to power, the Gulf

Since this situation is beginning to raise some concerns among the general populace and physicians, it would be beneficial to compare and contrast the diagnosis and treatment of depression in America and in a country, whose historical conditions shaped a different attitude towards this illness and towards the methods of dealing with it. Russia, being akin to the U.S. in both size and population, but sharply different in the organization of its medical system, could become a suitable subject for such a study. Without focusing on minute details, one can undertake a brief overview of the situation in both the United States and Russia and develop a general, but by no means definitive list of pros and cons for both systems. Although multiple variations of depression can be considered, we will focus on major depression in this study in order to keep the argument succinct.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or unipolar depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders seen in primary care but only half of all MDD sufferers seek medical help (Johnson Vanderhoef 109; Myers DeWall 520). NEED A TIE IN SENTENCE

The United States watched as the Soviet Union collapsed and separated into 15 separate countries, when the Cold War came to an end in December 1991. The Soviet Union began as a socialist philosophy with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev , who was the Soviet Union’s last leader, made every effort to introduce economic reform and policies, but it all ended up failing. The Baltic region began the opposition to the Soviet Government followed by nationalist movements from Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, who were requesting to succeed from the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev finally realized there was no turning back, and he resigned January 1992. It was called Commonwealth of Independent Republics caused the protests and chaos all

No government lasts forever. The Soviet Union was a communist country and one of the two world superpowers during the Cold War. Joseph Stalin was one famous leader during this time period. The Soviet Union’s government officially ended on December 25, 1991, when the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time in Kremlin and replaced by the Russian flag. The collapse of the Soviet Union was due to the political change caused by conflicts with the government’s political power and its authority on the nation’s social, political, and economical affairs.

The Soviet Union was officially established during December during the year of 1922, with the union of the Soviet republics from Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia, and Transcaucasia, which were all each ruled by local Bolshevik parties. The foundation of the Soviet state where a federal entity of many republics that were constituent, each with its own political and administrative entities, was applied from these Soviet republics. The term "Soviet Russia" was only related to the Russian Federative

The last factor of depression is sociocultural factors. The main sociocultural factor that can increase the chances of depression is wealth. People who have more money are less likely to

A number of large-scale studies indicate that depression rates have increased worldwide over the past several decades. Furthermore, younger generations are experiencing depression at an earlier age than did previous generations. Social scientists have proposed many explanations, including changes in family structure, urbanization, and reduced cultural and religious influences.

One common cause of depression that can be found no matter where you are in the world is poverty. In “What’s Behind the Gender Gap in Depression”, reporter Gretchen Cuda looks at how major depression is developed in both sexes, focusing mainly on women and their day-to-day struggles with the illness. “Being poor brings many types of stress, not the least of which is a feeling of loss of control over your life. That, in turn, can lead to negativity, passivity and lack of self-esteem--- and all those feelings increase the risk of depression.” (Cuda). Although Cuda focuses her report on women and depression, poverty is a factor that can lead to depression no matter what gender. The importance of financial stability and the stress that comes with worrying about money can take a toll on one’s physical as well as psychological health. Certain situations can occur in either gender but what occurs in the mind as well as methods of coping are what make the risk of depression differ for males and females.

Different cultural groups show distinctive rates and experiences of the disorder, reflecting their different cultural and socio-economic context. Gotlib & Hammen, (2002) propose a noticeable and explicit pattern that seems to continuously emerge is that depression appears to occur much more in western cultures (US, Canada, UK, Holland) than in Asian (Japan, Taiwan, China) cultures. Such differences in rates of depression have been attributed to a number of factors such as differences in the amount of humiliation attached to depression (Asian cultures stigmatizing symptoms of depression more than Western cultures) and to different levels of social support (with Asian cultures have a much more sense of collectivist community and social support from family and peers in contrast to individualistic western cultures).