Post Chemotherapy Essay

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

Tis means that the cancer cells are only growing in the most superficial layer of tissue, without growing into deeper tissues. This is also known as in situ cancer or pre-cancer.

Losing hair can be a very traumatizing experience for children who have cancer and are going through chemotherapy. Holly Christensen is making fairy tales come true for little girls battling cancer by making Disney princesses’ wigs for them.

In patients with renal failure the two most common electrolyte abnormalities are hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. Hyperkalemia results due to decreased renal excretion resulting from renal failure. Both of these abnormalities are initially treated with IV calcium gluconate if the patients are symptomatic. The calcium is given to antagonize the effects of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. The calcium acts to protect the heart muscle temporarily until other treatments can be administered. It is imperative to monitor the patient closely with and ECG when IV calcium is administered due to calcium induced

There are so many risks associated with the use of chemotherapy drugs to treat cancer. The major reason for this is that, chemotherapy drugs works on both normal cells and cancer cells. Therefore, while killing cancer cells, it kills normal cells as well. Additional risk can arise from overdose, extravasation (when an injected drug finds its way from the intended vessel to surrounding tissues) from cancer injections and serious damage to important organs of the body. Thankfully, drugs like Totect (Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride) have been developed to combat the effects of any risk that manifest in patients while undergoing chemotherapy.

Taste alteration is a common side effect in cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy. Previous research reported that 46-86% of cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy experienced taste alteration. In breast cancer patients, 36-86% experienced taste alteration and it was bothersome side effect that ranks fourth after fatigue, hair loss, nausea.

The enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages normal tissues and therefore results in toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. However increase use The chemotherapy(DOX) is accompanied by various side effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, fever, alopecia, anaemia, neutropenia etc. (Sorenmo,2003)

Cancer has affected the lives of each and every one of us alive today. Many people have know someone with cancer, yet even those who haven't have been bombarded with constant reminders of its terrible threat. Although cancer is often referred to as a single condition, it actually consists of more than 100 different diseases, all characterized by the uncontrolled growth, reproduction, and spread of abnormal body cells. All of these diseases are individually unique, yet the basic processes that produce cancers are very similar (Ruddon, 1995). The human body consists of over 30 trillion cells, living in a complex, interdependent harmony. They regulate each other's proliferation; normal cells reproduce

Hyperosmolality is usually related to hypernatremia and/or hyperglycemia. Identifying the cause and carefully calculating the water deficit is crucial to appropriate management. Hyponatremia may be hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic. When hypotonic, it may be hypervolemic, euvolemic, or hypovolemic in nature. Determining the precise nature of the hyponatremia allows the clinician to focus the therapy appropriately. The rate of development of hyponatremia is crucial to safe and appropriate treatment. In acutely developing hyponatremia, hypertonic saline is required, whereas in slowly developing hyponatremia, water restriction and slow correction is required to avoid the syndrome of osmotic demyelination. Appropriate diagnosis and management of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia are also

[23] and Doyle et al. [53]. We applied the results of the former study to the model, because it was more relevant in terms of health states. The study derived utilities in health states of NSCLC IIIb and IV and disutilities in grade III-IV toxicities under the situation where metastatic NSCLC patients received second-line chemotherapy. Only, we recited disutility in anemia from Westwood et al. [14]. We assumed that adverse events occurred during the first cycle, and adverse event rates relied on the type of treatment regimen regardless of the first-line or the second-line treatment. Finally, in case of an oral medication, 0.02 obtained from Tabberer et al. [24] was added to the utilities investigated by Nafees et al., because the study was carried out under the situation on intravenous treatments such as pemetrexed or

Adverse Drug Reactions in Response to Chemotherapy are especially common as Chemotherapy Drugs are characterized by a narrow therapeutic window, high toxicity profile and high failure rate.

Most people do not know that the side effects of chemotherapy can show up months, or years later after treatment. Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease by using chemical substances. Chemotherapy can help treat a disease, but also can cause multiple issues that can affect someone negatively for the rest of his/her life. Is Chemotherapy Worth it? Chemotherapy is not worth the risk because it can cause cancer, tends to do more harm than good, and can affect patients for the rest of their lives.

hyperkalemia.9Another drug treatment for malignant hyperthermia is azumolene, which is a muscle relaxant that prevents calcium to release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.17 Since patients with malignant hyperthermia experience a rapid elevation of their body temperature, their body must be cooled; this can be done by supplying cooling products, such as cooling blankets, cold intravenous fluids, and fans.7 To treat acidosis, the condition where the patient’s pH level is below 7.2, sodium bicarbonate or Tris buffer is used to raise the pH level.7 Furthermore, hyperventilation with 100% oxygen is crucial to decrease the partial pressure of carbon

Cancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. According to the last World Health Organization report, It reveals that it is expected that the global burden of cancer will rise from an estimated 14 million new cases per year in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades because of the aging and growth of the world population and an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year. Cancer is spreading in the whole world, where Africa, Asia and Central and South America account for 70% of the world’s cancer deaths and more than 60% of world’s total new annual cases. Modern cancer therapy are radiotherapy, surgeries and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used. Many anticancer agents where developed during the several past years. Some of these agents were effective and others failed and was withdrawn from the market. The majority of drugs used for the treatment of cancer today are cytotoxic, because they interfere with the operation of the cell's DNA. Although these agents are potent they have the potential to be very harmful to the body unless they are very specific to cancer cells which is something difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the most potent anti-cancer agents used recently have many serious side effects that reduce their clinical efficacy. Nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and low blood count, which in

A new drug in the UK has embarked on initial clinical trials for advanced cancer patients