Post Concussive Syndrome Case Study

Normocephalic atraumatic. Pupils equally round and reactive to light, extraocular motions intact. Oral cavity shows oropharynx clear but slightly dried mucosal membranes. TM (tympanic membranes) clear. Neck, supple. There is no thyromegaly, no JVD. No cervical supraclavicular, axillary, or inguinal lymphadenopathy.

Health professionals will often interchange between the two terms, concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), when discussing this health condition (Halstead, Walter, Council on Sports, & Fitness, 2010). A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury resulting from a traumatic event which causes the affected individual to experience temporary neurological deficits, these are a result of “biomechanical forces” that have reached the head taking effect on the brain (Jordan, 2013; Paul McCrory et al., 2009; Silver, McAllister, & Yudofsky, 2011). This type of injury usually presents with multiple post concussive symptoms, although in some cases these symptoms do not present themselves until later (Paul McCrory et al., 2009), in which can result in the concussion going unnoticed.

Multiple concussions can lead to Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a neurodegenerative disease associated with head trauma (Maroon 2015). Symptoms are memory loss, confusion, personality changes (depression and suicidal thoughts), erratic behavior, problems paying attention, difficutly with balance and motor skills. Researchers believe CTE is related to the build-up of an abnormal form of a protein called “tau” in the brain. This leads to brain cell death (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy 2017). There is no reliable way to determine CTE. There is no treatment and there is no cure. A diagnosis requires evidence of degeneration of brain tissue and deposits of tau and other proteins in the brain that only can be seen in an autopsy (Concussion 2017). Many researches are trying to find a way to detect CTE while people are still alive. Doctors determine when some has CTE after death. Mike Webster was an

diagnosed the concussion is categorized into grades in order to determine the severity of the

There are many variables that affect concussion recovery time according to these sources. These variables include intensity or severity of the concussion, gender of the patient, age of the patient, genotype of the patient, symptoms of the concussion, and the severity of damage to the nerve fibers. Many people ask how soon can concussion patients return from a concussion and based off of these sources the time depends on many factors. If you get a concussion be sure to see professionals and get the correct tests done to ensure a full recovery and minimal brain damage.

Post-concussion syndrome is a complex disorder with symptoms can consist of headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and irritability that can last as little as a week and up to months after a head injury. The causes can be a traumatic blow to the head or neck injuries in which the patient does not have to lose consciousness. The effect of being injured can do permanent damaged to the brain and nervous system. Dealing with Post-concussion syndrome not only can have a physical effect, but a psychological one as well (Mayo clinic page 2).

This paper examines the topic of concussions including the definition, classifications, treatment, and cases involving concussions in the media. Articles published online using the internet as well as online articles originally published in print will be examined in order to inform the reader of this paper how concussions are identified, how they are treated and how they are portrayed by doctors, media, and those suffering the injuries. Some of the literature in utilized in this report are strictly statistics. Others are information sources for the topic. The sources are analyzed thoroughly to give the relationship between concussions and physical activity.

This paper highlights the effects of concussions on the body. This results are from eleven published articles that report on concussions from research. The articles, do however, vary in how the define concussions. Groce and Urankar (2016) define concussions by using the centers for disease control and prevention definition, concussions are defined “as a mild form of brain injury that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head.” Other articles differ in their definitions but all of them do have one thing in common they involve a blow to the head that ends in damage. This paper will examine the results gathered by the articles as well as spotlighting their results. It is important educate everyone on concussions because the impacts could

The cognitive challenges that can occur with Post-Concussion Syndrome include troubles with attention, concentration, memory, reasoning, planning, understanding, speaking, and language. As a result of damage to the upper brain stem and frontal lobes, the abilities to act upon and register messages from the brain and the outside world are impaired (Stoler & Hill, 2013, p. 206). These attention and concentration problems could impact alertness to react upon information, the capacity of sustained attention, and the ability to focus on one thing. Memory problems, associated with damage to the complicated memory system in the brain, could include issues registering information, perceiving input from the environment, storing information, especially

Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviations, ranges) were calculated for demographic information regarding the athletes (i.e., age, height, weight, number of concussions). Separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of post-concussion symptoms, the number of previous concussions, age at the time of examination, height and weight on the likelihood that athletes experience symptoms of imbalance and dizziness in the acute phase post-concussion. Statistical significance was evaluated using Wald test p values. Further, Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between acute symptoms post-concussion and performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) composite scores (i.e., composite memory verbal, composite memory visual, composite

At the age of fourteen, I was the unfortunate recipient of four traumatic brain injuries within a six-month time frame, that would result in a diagnosis of post-concussive syndrome.

In this article the author talks about recent studies in concussions, that show they may be more damaging to the brain than previously believed. Typically, after 7-10 days, concussion patients are considered good to go, simply because they have stopped exhibiting the symptoms of a concussion. Recently it has been discovered that structural changes to the brain caused from the concussion can last over 6 months to unknowing patients. The main structure of the brain effected is white matter, which is made of nerves and considered connective tissue. White matter is very important because it is in charge of sending messages throughout the brain. These recent findings have made doctors rethink when they should be clearing patients- Should they

To date, our neurological independent evaluation causally relates Ms. Twing’s condition to the alleged concussion sustained from hitting her head

Patient is a 34-year-old left-handed white male who states that in January he was in a parking lot and was hit by a plow truck that was backing up. His back was turned and he did not know what was happening. He fell on his back and hit the back of his head on the tailgate. He denied any loss of consciousness. He did have a significant headache and neck pain, but no neurological symptoms. He did have some pain in his right hand and right ankle after this. He did present to the emergency room, where an unenhanced CAT scan was negative. Since then however, he has been having daily headaches. He has an almost constant, dull, mild bitemporal pressure sensation, but he also has significant

CN III, IV, and VI: Full extraocular movements intact. No ptosis or nystagmus noted bilaterally. Pupils equally round, react to light and accommodation (PERRLA)