Post Structuralism And Post Modernism

Bolman and Deal (2013) stated that there were four-frame models that governed organizations, and the models were structural, human resource, political, and symbolic. Lightcap (2014) discussed the entrepreneurial model that was a

There are several organizational structures that can be implemented by organizations. These organization structures are from two different viewpoints, traditional and contemporary. The traditional models such as hierarchies and bureaucracies are founded on the assumption that organizations exist in a basically calm environment, with changes occurring only as the

Organizational structure determines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are direct towards the achievement of organizational goals. It can be considered as the viewing class through which individuals see their organizations and itsenvironment. The structure of the organization can be in different forms depending on

However, they tend to have a focus on certain organizational aspects making the modern organization system be a blend of the three major perspectives. Based on organizational science that was formulated in the early 20th century there has been an emergence of rational, open and natural system theorists that explain the functioning of the organizations.

Authors Hanan Al-Shaykh, Bessie Head, and Ngugi Thiong’O lived in a time where the idea of a universal truth deteriorated because of the ceaseless wars in the twentieth century. As a result, postmodernism took its roots in literature as people attempted to make sense of the world around them that no longer made sense. Postmodernism is the freedom to pick one’s truth from a series of truths. Short stories “Wedding at The Cross”, “The Women’s Swimming Pool”, and “The Deep River” capture this idea of competing truths as they all utilize a tone of uncertainty throughout the story. However, “The Women’s Swimming Pool” and “Wedding at The Cross” best embody this spirit compared to “The Deep River,” as the characters begin to rely less on the close figures to define their truths for them. By doing so, both stories show in more detail how post-modern movements have affected our understanding of truth as people start to independently define their own truths.

Classical organizational theory evolved during the first half of this century. Formal organizational study spans the fields of business administration, economics, political science, statistics, sociology, psychology, and public administration. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic

It is evident that both positive and negative aspects of both approaches exist in the current climate, and from a basic understanding it can be drawn that varying aspects of each approach can nullify the negatives of the other in some manner. Consequently I believe the works of the Burns and Stalker (as cited in Grey, 2012) should be considered, in which it is suggested organizations can be seen as mechanistic and organic (roughly translated to bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic) depending on contingencies. This contingency approach would see organizations exhibiting differing behaviors based on the environmental factors that they work within and the assets that they have so that they may better suit the needs of workers, employers, consumers

Ever since slavery was abolished, there has been a continuous struggle in the United States between African Americans and Caucasians involving social class, poverty and equality. Although blacks have suffered terribly in the past, they are still commonly looked down upon and even placed in a lower class category. The struggle over slavery opened to flood gates to the Civil War, Reconstruction, segregation, Jim Crow laws, the Civil Rights Movement and is still something we are overcoming as a Nation.

After reading the in-depth information from Bolman’s and Deal’s Structural Frame, I understood that regardless of what type of organizations, an organization or organizations describes itself to be known as, the structural frame is established. Meaning in terms of, organizations setting and establishing goals and/or objectives; management and employees establishing rules and following proper procedures internally or externally from the organization.

Daft, Richard L. Organizational Theory and Design: 12th edition. South-Western College Publisher. 24 April 2015

Brick and mortar institutions become more irrelevant with time. Individuals that are ideologically motivated hasten the inevitable collapse of burdensome businesses that don’t put people first. The difficulty is when distorted senses of ‘justice’ lead to dynamics that repress free speech. Decumbent yet forceful leadership in businesses and governments leads to a great many problems; humans have a dualistic nature, and to ignore the potential for unforeseeable consequences is reckless. Postmodernist critiques may be written in an attempt to help make the criminal justice system better; here again, many suitable word associations that are interesting can be declared as both good and correct in a sense that is not at all sanctimonious.

Furthermore, realist and constructivist arguments against Post-Modernism are weak, unstable, and are easily shut down when closely analyzing post modernist views. Within realism, the sole criticism of Post-Modernism is that the belief is that an anarchic system leads them to conclude that power politics is the only way to conduct world politics in order to survive. However, this belief is myopic and leads to policy changes that will make war more probable. Post-Modernism invalidates realism because it details that actors are missing, states are not unitary and thus not rational, instead they are abstract, as described previously, and therefore national interest does not exist (Nabers 2009, pg.198). Also, Post-Modernism believes, unlike realism, that power is measured, mostly, through tangible means, not relative to that of ideas, norms, words, etc. Additionally, Post-Modernism entails that realism is a self-fulfilling prophesy. If people expect war, prepare for war, spread the threat of war, war is more likely to occur, which reinforces the original fear of war. This exonerates previous accusations of Post-Modernism, because it details realism’s predictiveness within its own theory and does not account for other measures. Moreover, constructivism, on the other hand, seeks to dismantle post modernist views by focusing more so on, ‘intersubjective creations,’ in international relations. Constructivism, like Post-Modernism, sees states bound by predetermined factors, but

In “Reframing Organization”, Bolman and Deal introduces us to four frames that we can view organizations through. Organizational processes are interpreted differently through the four lenses. For meetings, it can be interpreted as a formal occasion for making decisions (structural frame), informal occasion for involvement and sharing feelings (human resource frame), competitive occasion to win points (political frame), and a sacred occasion to celebrate and transform the culture (symbolic frame). It is

Organizations are structured to persevere in an environment of similar organizations, that define institutional legitimacy (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). Institutional theory emphasizes valuing organizations for having structures and designs that are in “conformance” with the environment. The framework is not solely shaped by resource dependencies and technical aspects, but by institutional forces – rational myths,

According to traditional theorists such as Fayol, Weber, and Taylor, a school of thought identifies a level of agreement in their view of organizational system implementation. These classical theorists indicate in their readings that there is