Post Traumatic Stress: A Case Study

These men and women risked their lives to try to save the thousands of men, women, and children trapped inside the Murrah building. In assumption people would think this traumatic experience of trying to recover lives after the explosion would not only be very heartbreaking, but very traumatic also. Surprisingly, from all the rescue workers only 13% (24/181) were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (North). A test was approved and ran by the Washington University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (North). This test involved the first group of firefighters who were involved with the bombing victims (North). These firefighters are the ones who helped recover bodies and body parts from the rubble of the bombing (North). “Two-thirds (68%) reported feeling somewhat or very upset by either or both of these activities, although many (36%) described removing the bodies as providing a sense of relief and closure to their evacuation work. Firefighters acknowledged feeling somewhat or very upset by contact with body parts (54%) and body fluids (36%), but encounters with children’s remains (72% of total sample) had the highest rating of associated upset”

School-based social work and school psychology clinicians delivered CBITS in both trials. The studies showed improvements in post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms among students who had been exposed to violence. Additionally, data was collected from students, parents, and teachers at baseline, three months, and six months for a randomized controlled trial conducted by the RAND Corporation and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (RAND, 2011). The RAND study found there were no significant differences between the early intervention and late-intervention groups at the start of the program. At three months, students in the early intervention group had completed the program; students in the late-intervention group had not yet begun. The early intervention students showed substantial improvement. The magnitude of the difference between the two groups means that 86% of the early-intervention group reported less severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress than would have been expected without intervention (RAND, 2011). In addition, CBITS was also associated with improved school performance. Parents of students in the early-intervention group reported that their children were functioning significantly better in school. At

Emergency rescue personnel witnessed the loss of loved ones, furthermore during recovery and rescue efforts they were limited in the amount of debriefing and clinical mental support they received. Priorities at the time focused on saving lives, while mental deterioration was taking place in many simultaneously. “A study published in the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine found a 71.8% prevalence of PTSD among exposed first responders as opposed to 51.4% among their unexposed counterparts” (Bills et al., 2008). In a 9-year longitudinal cohort study with data gathered from 27,449 participants, including a population of police officers and firefighters among other rescue workers; the cumulative results yielded a 9.3% incidence of PTSD, 8.4% panic disorder, and 7.0% depression, with the higher rates found among those with direct exposure (Wisnivesky et al., 2011). Besides risk factors that contribute to developing PTSD, underestimating its pathophysiological effects can exacerbate the condition. According to Boscarino and Adams (2009), even though 90% of adults have experienced at least a traumatic event in their life; only a small percentage develop PTSD. This further validates the concept of the influence of underlying risk factors post

Post-traumatic stress disorder, better known as PTSD, is steadily becoming a more relevant topic of conversation in our society today. Recently this disorder has received a lot of attention due to the conflicts our military personnel are currently engaged in around the world. Another event that brought PTSD to forefront were the tragedies of 9/11. PTSD is one of the rare disorders that are a direct result of an outside traumatic event. Make no mistake about it, PTSD might be a relatively newly diagnosed disorder, but it has been around for many years. Our military servicemen had reported these conditions for many years before, now we finally have a It is an unfortunate truth that many people in our society are involved in traumatic

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized as a psychological condition in which a person has persistent mental and emotional distress after experiencing a traumatic event. In the United States alone, there is an 8.7% projected lifetime risk for developing PTSD by the age of seventy-five years old. Furthermore, rates of PTSD are commonly higher amongst people whose occupation increases their risk of traumatic exposure. Examples of occupations that increase the risk of traumatic exposure include law enforcement, military personnel, and firefighters. But it is important to note that the highest rates of PTSD are found among survivors of rape and captivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

To obtain the measures of the study Hukkelberg used different trauma detections. One of the measures Hukkelberg used was” The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). “The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children was used to assess trauma experiences” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). “The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory” (as cited in Ford et al.,2000) assed how serious the trauma experiences were that the child went through. The screening was a checklist that included these experiences “severe accident, natural disaster, sudden death or severe illness of a close person, extremely painful medical procedures, violence outside the family context, witnessing violence within the family physical abuse within the family, sexual abuse inside and outside the family, and other overwhelming experiences” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). The study had the children rate how many times they were involved in from 0 to 3 (p. 263). “The 0= Not at all, 1 Once a week or less/once in a while, 2= 2 to 4 times a week/ half of the time, and 3= 5 or more times a week/ almost always” (Hukkelberg, 2013). If a child circled a three to all or almost all of the experiences they were involved in they were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder systems (p. 263).

been deemed breakthrough therapy by the Food and Drug Administration. The introduction of promising research from ecstasy to treat PTSD has allowed doors for researchers to begin working with LSD which is commonly called magic mushrooms that have shown a lot of promise in producing affective medications for combating PTSD. Along with these promising medications we also need to look at the home life of the veterans, a lot of veterans are either very old and have little family or do not have that family support system that are crucial in the healing process. Receiving treatment and therapy is crucial but if you do not have a strong support system it would be easy for veterans to slip down through the cracks which would allow PTSD to win the

There is not one person that is exclusively safe from the risk of becoming a casualty to Posttraumatic Stress. Everyday in our lives we step out into a world with endless dangers around each corner, yet to think about each possibility would consume the mind so much so that the quality of one’s life would diminish. Every time we get into a car, walk in an elevator, or leave the tranquility of our beds, we are risking becoming the victim of a direct incident, or being held by repercussions from that incident. These repercussions can come in the forms of nightmares, flashbacks, mood swings, depression, lifestyle changes, and even suicide. Every career carries with it the dangers of becoming victim to PTSD, which is why researching specific causes

The study was advertised for a period of three months over radio stations in San Antonio. The study called for women ages 18 to 45 to call the UTSA research facility if they were interested in participating in the study. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire focusing on symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Any participant that had answered that they had experienced PTSD symptoms, or any other trauma in their lifetime was excluded from the study and referred to mental health professionals to address their symptoms. These women served as an “average” group (group one), as they have not had experience trauma or PTSD. Additionally, nine schools in San Antonio (three elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools) were informed about the study. These schools are Stewart Elementary School, Roan Forest Elementary School, Coker

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be defined as “ a complex disorder in which a person’s memory, emotional responses, intellectual process, and nervous system have been disrupted by one or more traumatic experiences”(Swan & Persis, 2016). It is trauma and stressor related, a disorder that depends on a factor outside a person. Types of events that can lead to the development of PTSD include physical assault, rape and sexual assault, military combat, torture, mass violence, natural disasters, transportation or workplace disasters, explosions and fires, life-threatening epidemics and radiation. Repeated traumas or being exposed to long duration of traumas may also cause symptoms of PTSD. There are biochemical, physiologic, sociocultural, together with occupational factors and personal variables involved in the development of PTSD (Swan & Persis, 2016). Health risks associated with PTSD include cardiovascular, digestive musculoskeletal and respiratory disorders. Also cancer, infectious diseases, suicide, homicide and drug overdose (Heavey, 2014).

Post-traumatic stress disorder has a major effect on school-age children. Not only it can impact their academic performance but also their well-being. A post-traumatic stress disorder can happen after experiencing or witnessing an event that threaten one’s life or make one question his or her safety. Such event includes an accident, death, war, a serious illness, a sexual abuse, a physical assault, a domestic violence or a natural disaster. As a result to experiencing or witnessing such trauma, a post-traumatic stress disorder may develop but it all depend on how severe is the trauma, how people around the individual (such as parents) react to the trauma, and how far or close the person is to the trauma.

First, some memories were useless in our personalities. Lots of war veterans have bad memories they cannot forget and always rings a bell of their fear. The psychologists were not that useful dealing with that. Before finding the way or drugs, which could recover the post-traumatic stress, the using of propranolol is still important. It could reduce the pain of these victims. Although the use of the drugs would have negative effects on people. This is better than let people feeling fear sporadic and feeling sad all the time. It seemed a good way to solve similar problems easily and apace. The drugs could relatively reduce the post-traumatic stress.

Even though nationally representative epidemiologic information on PTSD is difficult to gather, the literature seems to keep growing. Trauma exposure effects psychological and physical health, along with cognitive and social functioning. Even though they experience traumatic events, some youths do not seem to experience any harmful outcomes. While others, especially youths who experience multiple events are significantly at risk. Youth trauma exposure is linked to PTSD and a myriad of other psychological problems. More extreme forms of and more experiences of trauma correlate with higher rates of psychopathology. Cognitive functions are also affected by exposure to trauma. In maltreated youths with PTSD, trauma exposure has been associated with attention and problem-solving. Youths who were exposed to urban violence showed lower school attendance and lower grades, along with decreased reading ability and IQ. Impaired self-esteem and disrupted interpersonal relationships are a few of the negative social-emotional outcomes associated with trauma exposure (Davies-Mercier et al., 2017). Lower socioeconomic adolescent males have increased risk of trauma exposure, even though males have reported higher rates of trauma exposure, females have reported higher rates of PTSD symptoms. Youths are not the only group of people that are negatively affected by traumatic events and PTSD. In adults, some negative outcomes of

Each year, over three million children and adolescents experience some form of traumatic event in their life (Ray, 2014). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a traumatic event (Hamblen, 2009). Some of the events that can cause children and adolescents to suffer from PTSD are natural and man-made disasters, violent crimes, rape, or murder of a parent, school shootings, motor vehicle accidents, severe burns, exposure to community violence, war, peer suicide, and sexual and physical abuse. A social worker must assess the biopsychosocial development and other theories to implement an effective plan to evaluate the needs of the individual.

School shootings can cause trauma that can last for months or even years. “Trauma is caused by the nature of the event, and what it meant to the victim” (Rosenbloom, Williams, and Watkins, 2010, p.13). Some of the reactions experienced after a trauma are, physical reactions, mental reactions, emotional reactions, and behavioral reactions. Initially, anyone who was involved in a school shooting, can feel sadness, infuriated, frightened, or confused. For most of the people involved, these feelings will dissolve with time. However, for some the trauma can develop into Post traumatic stress disorder. PTSD is defined as a mental health disorder that can cause extreme metal distress after a trauma. Sometimes the act of violence is so extreme that is stays with the person forever. According to the article, “Exposure to violent crime may cause PTSD and poor mental health that diminish academic achievement” (Beland and Kim, 2015, p.2). PTSD can happen after going through a traumatic event and the feelings continue to get worse, making life very