Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSD)

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is “a mental condition that can affect a person who has had a very shocking or difficult experience and that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, etc.” (Merriam-Webster’s, n.d.) Post-traumatic stress disorder can occur after seeing a dangerous event such as war, hurricanes, car accidents, death of a loved one, and violent crimes. It can affect a victim mind, body, and the people around them. While some mental disorders are genetic, this disorder come from the things that people encounter in life. This paper will discuss the risk factor involved with post-traumatic stress disorder as well as treatments that will help overcome it and future research and approaches to treat this psychiatric illness.

This paper explores post-traumatic stress and how it is seen as a disorder. Post-traumatic stress can manifest into post-traumatic stress disorder. The evaluation and review books and articles seem to reveal a relation to these symptoms and military member, either active or non-active veterans. These symptoms do not manifest strictly into the full-extent of the disorder in all cases of military, however, things such as depression and other physical symptoms are discussed through the readings. The end result is that we discovered that through the readings PTSD will in fact lead to suicide if left untreated.

An article by Nicholas Kristof titled, “Americas History of Fear” which mentions how America is not indifferent, but does not know how to deal with newcomers or immigrants. Fear and intolerance has been seen throughout America’s history. An event of this kind would be what recently happened in the Los Angeles L.A.X. airport; it was reported that a man began shooting and killed innocent people. Many people saw this person which includes his race and are now fearful. This even contributes to the reason why it is so relevant today. There has not been much change; therefor, today there are many minorities facing intolerance or indifference socially. Also, the ambivalence that many people show nowadays is similar to what most people did in the past and there are historical facts that document the struggles that have happened to many minorities like injustice.

Our Fear of Immigrants by Jeremy Adam Smith uses emotional scenarios and scientific evidence to support his question of why people fear immigrants. Smith never clearly states his point in the paper, but he wants to address the issue of prejudice against immigrants. This is easy to figure out because of the content of the excerpt, and the headings that guides the reader to an additional support of the idea throughout the passage.

The reason why Smith questioned the credibility of Xenophobia was because of the way the classmates of Rodrigo reacted to him getting deported. Rodrigo’s classmates sent their friend a video, a valentine, and even had their parents help them write their congressmen as well as speak to the media in order to help get their friend back. Smith stated, “If xenophobia has such a deep evolutionary and psychological roots, what explains Ms. Wagner’s fourth-grade class, which rallied to support their friend Rodrigo after he was sent back to Mexico?” (Smith,754).

What is post-traumatic stress disorder? When most people think of the term post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) they think of war and returning soldiers. Even though this is true, post-traumatic stress disorder does not only develop in soldier’s returning from war. When you look at the definition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), you will see that it is a mental health condition that is triggered by either experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. This means that post-traumatic stress disorder can be developed after any traumatic event or experience that one has gone through.

The journey of many immigrants is characterized by trauma prior to, during, and following migration. They may be escaping hunger, war, poverty, or torture in their native country. The decision to migrate to host country is not an easy one for most immigrants. People leave behind family members, and often risk their lives to cross borders in order to live a life of freedom and opportunity. Immigrants must endure intolerance and suspicion, while navigating the complexities of assimilating to a language and a culture foreign to their own. If the person enters the country without proper documents, they live in constant fear of being detained and deported. Undocumented immigrants may have to accept jobs far below their skill level, and endure blatant discrimination. If Mario is an immigrant, his volatile behavior may be a result of acculturative stress or immigration trauma

Writer Jeremy Adam Smith, starts his argument by telling a story about a little boy named Rodrigo Guzman. Rodrigo’s teacher noticed that he has been absent for a few days and found out later, that him and his family have been deported back to Mexico. Rodrigo’s teacher had told the fourth-grade class what happened to Rodrigo and his family. The kids in his class were shocked to hear that their friend had been deported and wanted to do something about it. In Jeremy Adam Smith “Our Fear of Immigrants”, many Americans fear immigrants based on what they learn from their in-groups. He believes that some people fear immigrants, find them a threat and how people try to tame xenophobe.

Smith is trying to engage with the readers’ feelings and trigger emotion (750). Research from numerous psychologist experts is also mentioned various times. These psychologists are those such as Princeton psychologist Susan Fiske, University of California psychology professor Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton who studies and shares stereotypes and intergroup relations as well as psychologist Dachen Keltner who studies impact of power differences on human relationships, and psychologist Daryl Cameron from University of Iowa who discusses the differences between in and out groups (751-757). Also mentioned is evidence from colleague, Mark Schaller, from University of British of Columbia who claims biological cognitive for the fear of immigrants bringing disease (752). Smith offers a different resource which is an actual statement made in an interview by the mayor of Murrieta, Alan Long, who declared that immigrants are contagious (752). Another important detail mentioned in the article is xenophobia with adequate evidence that is given by scientists and researchers including their studies (753). Throughout the story there many indications made about the treatment that citizens give immigrants.

- Nativism is known as a policy in which protects native born people from immigrants that are seen to be a threat or dangerous. Xenophobia is an intense fear or prejudice against people from other nations. Nativism can be seen today when thinking about politics, President Trump wants to “build a wall” to keep the immigrants from coming into the united states because in his eyes and some others, they are considered to be dangerous. Xenophobia happens every day to those who are colored, something simple like walking down the street a woman might hold onto her purse in fear she might get robbed by them or, a colored person going into a store.

Psychological complications can also occur when the normal reactions listed above last beyond several weeks and become a continued problem. When we continue to feel stressed and frightened even after a danger is passed, it indicates that a person may be experiencing Posttraumatic Stress symptoms. When these symptoms last more than one month, it may be Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can develop after we are a victim of or a witness to murder, physical harm, or threat of physical harm. PTSD symptoms usually occur within a timeframe of three months after a traumatic event, but sometimes they occur years afterwards. Some people recover from these symptoms within six months. If they continue beyond six

A recent survey was conducted which revealed that forty-one percent of Americans currently hold anti-immigrant sentiments. Similar trends were discovered for Europeans with thirty-seven percent of people in the United Kingdom and fifty-two percent of people in France expressing anti-immigrant attitudes (Krogstad, 2015). These trends show that negative views about immigrants are evident globally, and thus should be treated as an important issue. However, anti-immigrant attitudes are not involuntary and do not emerge from individual thought. Western nations, the United States in particular, use significant events in history such as the 9/11 attacks to their advantage by inciting extreme nationalism that demonizes immigrants which allows for the

In “In Search of the Chilean Paradise” the Chileans xenophobia stood out. Their xenophobia is just aimed towards immigrants who have indigenous features. The very beginning stood out

On his article regarding Xenophobia, Massino Pegliucci takes a scientifically approach describing xenophobia as a condition that will be very difficult to eradicate. He believes that humans have a natural

Prejudice doesn’t discriminate, it lives in all runs of people: Whites, African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, Republicans, Democrats, men, women, young, old- you name it. In a perfect world this level of hatred wouldn’t be the norm, but it is. It is so widespread that there’s tangible evidence that shows even Hispanics (immigrant or not) have negative affiliations with immigrants. How can this be when Hispanics take the cake for making up the largest portion of new-comers. Interestingly enough, research done by the Pew Research Center concludes that the more Hispanics have become accustomed to nativism in American culture, the more likely they are to feel negatively toward the matter. This sense of superiority is quite frankly sickening, to know that even counterparts of immigrants could fall suspect of discrimination goes to show its daunting power. What’s more, the false notion that immigrants are purely responsible for the uprooting of crime, scarce resources, drugs, disease, and more have been fed to natives by the media and those in powerful positions to continue defacing the image of immigration as there’s no solid evidence to justify being anti-foreign.