Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )

This paper explores post-traumatic stress and how it is seen as a disorder. Post-traumatic stress can manifest into post-traumatic stress disorder. According to Sareen (2014), Post-traumatic stress disorder is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5 as having 4 core features that are as follows. First, the person must witness or experience a stressful event. Secondly, the person or persons would re-experience symptoms of the event that include nightmares and/or flashbacks. The person or persons would also have hyper arousal symptoms, such as concentrations problems, irritability, and sleep disturbance. The final core feature dictates

Herman (1992) categorizes the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder into three major categories: hyperarousal, intrusion, and constriction. She describes hyperarousal as the “persistent expectation of danger,” intrusion as the “indelible imprint of the traumatic moment,” and constriction as the “numbing response of surrender” (Herman, 1992, p. 35).

Post-traumatic stress disorder, also known as PTSD, is a mental challenge faced in law enforcement today. A lot of people will or would say when they hear the acronym, PTSD, they associate it with military members. This is false information and an accusation. PTSD is very prevalent in law enforcement and civilians across the United States. PTSD is usually caused after a highly traumatic moment or incident. PTSD is a large concern because it is a major cause for law enforcement suicides. In my research, I will address the concerns and causes of PTSD, suicide rates in law enforcement due to PTSD, labeling by a department due to PTSD, and organizations that assist law enforcement in dealing with PTSD.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most commonly thought of as an illness men and women acquire from experiences while serving in the wars. Some do not even know what it is or how much it affects people 's lives. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger helps to convey what Post Traumatic Stress Disorder really is. PTSD is a curable condition triggered by a traumatic event with many types, causes, and symptoms displayed by Holden Caulfield.

When hearing about Post-traumatic stress disorder, majority of people think about war veterans. Many Americans suffer from Post -traumatic stress disorder other than those who have been at war. However some Americans are not aware that they have the disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD is rarely acknowledged or fully understood by many.

Many military members along with their children face many factors that contributes to stress, such as relocations, daycare issues, work related issues and deployments, to name a few. Many times children are left with one to no parents because of deployments. When a parent returns home, the family may have to deal with different changes and challenges. One of the biggest challenges they may have to deal with is being diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Military families and children can better understand and live a more healthier life if know they what PSTD is, how common it is for children to experience it, the effects of PTSD, the kinds of behaviors children may demonstrate and the intervention programs available to deal

Posttraumatic stress disorder is defined as "the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events" (DSM-5). Following a traumatic event it is natural for people to experience a variety of reactions but most recover fairly quickly. When the problems associated with the event do not go away in a reasonable amount of time, an individual may be diagnosed with Posttraumatic stress disorder.

Firstly, Post Tramatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is a relatively new diagnosis amongst the psychiatric association. This diagnosis is for the individuals who have been involved or witnessed a tramatic event and experience anxiety, re-experienceing event symptoms, whom avoid situations, display a negative change in feelings or beliefs, or experiencing hyperarousal. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was officially awcknowledged as a diagnosis in 1980 by The American Psychiatric Association (APA). The PTSD diagnosis was put into place to describe an individual who had been subjected to an event/s that were dangerous and terrifying leaving the individual feeling frightened and stressed even after there is no imminent danger or reason to feel endangered. An individual is diagnosed with Post Tramatic Stress Disorder if the symptoms keep reoccurring usually if the symptoms last more than six months to a year.

People have been diagnosed with a disorder that can psychologically and mentally harm them in many ways. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an illness that can harm people mentally and physically (Mayo Clinic). Many people get this disorder because they experienced an emotionally disturbing situation (Mayo Clinic). Doctors can recognize the symptoms if a person has PTSD by diagnosing them and can treat PTSD in many different types of ways. There are historical events with PTSD about doctors realizing that PTSD is a problem and came together to figure out on how to treat PTSD.

Each year, over three million children and adolescents experience some form of traumatic event in their life (Ray, 2014). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a traumatic event (Hamblen, 2009). Some of the events that can cause children and adolescents to suffer from PTSD are natural and man-made disasters, violent crimes, rape, or murder of a parent, school shootings, motor vehicle accidents, severe burns, exposure to community violence, war, peer suicide, and sexual and physical abuse. A social worker must assess the biopsychosocial development and other theories to implement an effective plan to evaluate the needs of the individual.

Stress, trauma, and more specifically Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a nursing concept well studied and is applicable to various professions. Concepts are the basic building blocks in theory construction (Walker &Avant, 2011, p. 157). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that results from exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (APA, 2013, p. 143). The response to the traumatic experience can be fear, helplessness, or horror. The concept is used in ever changing ways to categorize the responses of many people to diverse events. The concept of PTSD can be described as; dynamic, fuzzy, context-dependent, of pragmatic utility, and constantly changing (Symes, 1995, p.195). Rodgers (1993) emphasized that the words used for a concept are not the concept itself but are the manifestation of the mental cluster of the people using the concept. Concepts are not carved in stone, and therefore change overtime; the understanding of the concept my also change. While the concept itself has been studied, there are also analysis literature reviews. An analysis is useful when concepts, statements, or theories are already present in the literature but the theorist wishes to understand them better by taking them apart, examining the parts, and putting them all back together again (Walker & Avant, 2011, p. 155). Like diagnoses, one of the primary functions of a concept is to categorize. Concept analysis is a rather good

Anyone can experience a traumatic event, for example, a car accident or a physical assault during a robbery. In most situations people will develop resilience, which is the person’s ability to adapt when they are faced with trauma, adversity, or high amounts of stress (American Psychological Association, 2016). In other words they are able to cope with the traumatic event, a constructive manner. However there are those who are unable to reach this phase and thus develop a Trauma – and – Stressor Related Disorder. The most common heard of disorder in this category is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), yet there is another disorder that is very similar, Acute Stress Disorder (ASD).

The rate of extreme trauma has increased greatly in the United States. Post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) can be defined as a mental health condition caused by a horrifying event experienced visually or first hand. (Mayo Clinical Staff 1) Experiences like this can leave people feeling horrified, afraid, and helpless. The most frequent events that lead to the basis of PSTD include threats with weapons, physical attacks, sexual harassment, childhood abuse, or, combat exposure. (Mayo Clinical Staff 4) The symptoms resulting can bring out major issues in social activities like work and association. Recently, the PSTD symptoms have been conveniently categorized into 4 groups which include intrusive memories, negative shifts/bipolar mood swings,

Trauma is understood as a personal experience (Herman, 1992). However there are universal symptoms that individuals may experience and exhibit following a traumatic event. The American Psychological Association (APA, 2000) categorises these symptoms into three clusters: the Intrusion cluster, where one may experience reliving of the traumatic event; the avoidance cluster, where one may avoid certain stimuli associated with the event; and the hyperarousal cluster, where one is in a constant state of alert and arousal and may encompass an exaggerated, and inappropriate, startle response. The risk of distress is strongly correlated with the stressor itself (Tamres, Janicki & Helgeson, 2002). This is also

Listed symptoms range from shock to trouble sleeping and a feeling of guilt. Crucially, the article also points out that for some, such feelings become overwhelming and impede on normal life. (Excerpt 2) Such a traumatic event can be described as an extreme circumstance. Dohrenwend (2010) offers extensive research into extreme circumstance providing context for the extent to which an event can be seen as traumatic and potentially life changing. By comparison to a continuous and particularly devastating event such as a war, a traffic incident in a peace time community falls further down Dohrenwend’s hierarchy of stressful events. (Dohrenwend, Cited in Wager, 2015). Nonetheless, the article does emphasise that only some people experience long term effects on overall well-being and general health following traumatic experiences. This is in line with psychological research which aims to explore why certain individuals might be better equipped to recover from trauma.