Ragnarök: Rebirth with a Jökulhlaup?
More than a millennia ago vikings set foot upon new land which they called Iceland. With them, amongst their language and culture, they brought their Norse Religion and myths of treachery, bravery, death, and rebirth. Of all their stories, their depiction of the death of their own gods and the rebirth of a new world struck me as a possible interpretation of natural phenomena. By demythologizing Ragnarök could their be a natural event that wound up incorporated into the Icelanders’ story of rebirth?
Ragnarök, the myth of the end times in Norse mythology, involves several events that lead up to and beyond the downfall of the gods. The beginning of the end is signaled by fimbulwinter, which consists of three consecutive winters without any summers, with darkened skies and scarce crops. It is then followed by a giant wolf, Fenrir, who, after breaking free of his chains, eats the sun. Fenrir is subsequently followed by Surtr, a giant with a flaming sword, that leaves nothing but destruction in his wake. These parts leading up to the rebirth have already been analyzed by others. The clear consensus they gathered at was that the prolonged overcast and the burning of the earth could only be an account of a volcano. And I agree with them, however, post annihilation there is a captivating illustration that serves as the medium to bring in the new world.
At last, in the ultimate reversal of the original process of creation, the ravaged land sank
Once upon a time there was an old man named Utnapishtim. He was the king of Shuruppak, a city by the Euphrates River. A group of powerful gods met, to decide the fate of the city. Enlil, the god of earth, wind, and air, gave orders to destroy humans by flooding the entire city. Utnapishtim found out about this decision through the god of wisdom and crafts, Ea. Ea warned him about the terrible fate that his city had to come. He advised him to build a boat big enough to fit all the seeds of living things, your family, and possessions. Utnapishtim would need help from his people and as an excuse Ea told him, “Tell them that you are leaving the city because Enlil hates you. Tell them that when you leave, the city will be showered with good fortune,
Norse Mythology’s creation started with a giant named Ymir. He emerged from the ground and grew very large from cow’s milk. In time, the god Buri and his wife appeared and gave birth to Bor and Bor’s son was named Odin. Ymir, was evil, and the gods didn’t like it, so they killed him, making his huge body form the earth. His blood became the sea, his flesh became land, his bones became mountains, his hair became the trees, and his
And death filled the land, Now an ocean of blood. This was just the beginning, The destruction will never end.
The Vikings had a closely tied relationship between their culture and other cultures. You can see this because some of the stories from different parts of the world were put into their own stories. The story of the creation myth of Ymir is paralleled to the story of the Brahma. The stories of zombies from the African culture can be closely tied to stories of revenants that are in the Viking culture. A reason for some of these resonances may be because of the trade route they had; which was through the Mesopotamian, Byzantium, and the African worlds.
The introduction of creation in the Norse myth is as follows from the in-text citation
The Norse story did not have one maker of good, but multiple elements and events that emerged from one evil giant in this creation myth. Ymir was malicious and wicked and when Odin and the other gods could no longer tolerate Ymir's evil acts, they united to kill the giant. "Ymir’s huge body formed the earth, his blood became the sea, his flesh became the land, his bones the mountains and his hair the trees" (Distant Train, Inc., 2011). The other gods and Odin shaped the sky with his skull, it was held up by four towering tall pillars. Odin created the sun and moon out of sparks of the fiery depths of Muspell and placed them in the sky. The ice began to melt in the new world of Ginnungagap from the illumination of the sun and moon and vegetation began to grow. Odin named the new world Midgard, meaning 'The Middle Land'. Odin discovered two fallen trees, of ash and of elm, which he then extracted from the mud and shaped the first woman and man. "Odin breathed life into the beings, gave them reason and feelings, hearing and sight" (Distant Train, Inc., 2011). Similar to the Genesis story of Adam and Eve, Odin then called the man Ask and the woman Embla.
The very deep did rot: O Christ! That ever this should be! Yes, slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea" (Coleridge pt. II, st. 9).
In the Jicarilla version, Wind offered to roll back the waters, leaving nothing for the living creatures to drink. Prayers were offered and soon, rivers, lakes, and streams appeared. The people discovered that monsters, which were later killed by Monster Slayer, inhabited the earth. With the help of the other sacred beings, all obstacles that made the earth an unsafe place were eliminated (Tiller, 26).
He spoke then to the people saying “don’t be greedy when hunting the creatures they are my creation just as you.” For drinking Cur made lakes and rivers out of his tears the water was untainted. The humans and Cur lived in tranquility for years till the humans became materialistic. Humans began to cut the trees to form houses and hunted to store meat. This enraged Cur; drawing into the ground he drew meat eating creatures that would pursue the animals and humans. This was not the last of the rage he would confer to this world. Taking the dust he blew with it, this caused the ground to soar into the air creating mounds, valleys and mountains. With his world in ruin Cur shed a single tear, the tear hit the ground creating massive amount a water to spread and fill the land. Most of the land was covered, but the humans bolted to the mountains that were not covered. Taking the last of the dust and wanting to be away from the humans Cur jumped into the water producing him to convert into the creatures of the sea. The Star people lived the rest of not interfering and the humans lived on the new world to rule it as their
Then I bowed low, I saw down and wept, the tears streamed down my face, for on every side was the waste of water”. This alone shows how devastated Utnapishtim was to see the world be swallowed up by water, knowing that humanity would have to start over from the beginning. Where as in The Story of the Flood, Noah and his family were content with how the world had changed, as was the deity of the story, this even more apparent with the mention of the olive leaf, considered to be a sign
Thesis: Religion, for some a way of life, for others like myself a topic of debate. This inner debate or conflict of religion sparks from research on early religion, the hypocrisy of religious leaders, and religious motives (both historical and modern) but more specifically the justification behind this motive. Research into early religion specifically 13th century nordic or northern European religion led to debate into what a god or divine movement is. This statement may seem to be incorrerent but let me elaborate. Norse Ragnarok (apocalypse) mentions events like mountains erupting in fire an letting, the earth shaking from the god's below, monstrous waves and winds, and god's that represent humanly concepts such as Odin to wisdom and Tyr to war or havoc.
Genesis, the author tells us that: "The earth was corrupt in God's sight, and the
I believe that Vikings weren’t just brutal raiders. Instead of raiding they sometimes liked to spend time with their family, manage their farms and learn poetry. But when the Vikings were raiding they were so brutal and absolutely terrifying. When Vikings came people were helpless, they couldn’t do anything. They would have to just run around and hope for the best. Not many people survived Viking raids, but if you did there must have been a miracle. However, despite the fact that Vikings liked to raid and kill there were some good in them.
And the sea grew dark beneath it.
When the trees and plants that covered the earth at he time began to die, they fell into the seas and descended to the ocean floors. On the ocean floors, fish and