Postformal Perspective

Jean Piaget cognitive development theory explained the changes of logical thinking of children and adolescent. Piaget suggested that children advance four stages based on maturity and experience.

The sensorimotor stage infants develop their schemas through sensory and motor activities. Followed by the preoperational stage where children begin to think symbolically using words, to represent concepts. Next concrete operational stage children display many important thinking skills, like ability to think logically. Finally, formal operational stage young adolescences formulate their operations by abstract and hypothetical thinking. Piaget’s theory provides ample and insightful perspectives, so it remains the central factor of contemporary

Cognitive Development refers to the construction of the thought process that includes problem solving, remembering and the ability to make decisions, from childhood up to the adulthood stage. Cognitive/Intellectual Development is the ability to learn, reason, and analyze the fact that a process begins from infancy and progresses as the individual (Educational Psychology). Cognitive Development contains events that are logical, like thinking and remembering. Some factors remain the same throughout many of the theories on cognitive development. All theorists agree that people go through specific steps and/or

Mildred Parten and Jean Piaget are two theorists that have had great influences on the way we understand children. Piaget constructed the idea that a person’s thinking passes through four stages and as the person grows, their way of thinking changes thus entering a different stage. He emphasized mostly the preoperational stage, which is for ages two to seven years old. In this stage children are seen as illogical thinkers but they do engage in make-believe games by using objects for purposes other than their actual intended use. Between the ages of four and seven, they still do not think logically but they become interested in games that have rules, structure, and social interaction. Unlike Jean Piaget, Mildred Parten did not see types of

Cognitive development is the term used to describe the construction of thought process, including remembering, problem solving and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. In this essay I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, both of which were enormously significant contributors to the cognitive development component to/in psychology. In addition to this I will also weigh up the strengths and weaknesses of each theory and outline how they can be applied to an educational setting.

The ability to think is what distinguishes humans from other living beings. A human’s capacity to create, plan, organize, distinguish, use judgement, imagine, and speak are all elements of thinking. Cognitive development explains the progression of thinking, specifically critical thinking, throughout the lifespan. During childhood, the brain, particularly the areas of the brain that control cognition, are bursting with connections and changing continuously. Between childhood and adolescence, the capacity to think develops enormously and changes drastically.

Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory is one the most influential theory of cognition in social work and psychology. In his cognitive theory, our capacity for reasoning develops in stages, from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood. Piaget used four different stages; sensorimotor state, preoperational stage, concrete operations stage and formal operations stage. According to Hutchison, Piaget saw these four stages as sequential and interdependent, evolving from activity without thought, to thought with less emphasis on activity- from doing, to doing knowingly, and finally to conceptualizing.

By age 11, I had increased thinking abilities that were due to Piaget’s last stage of cognitive development, formal operational. By this age I had the ability to think abstractly with hypothetico-deductive reasoning, I could problem solve based on certain hypothesis and I started to master deductive reasoning based on logical conclusions. I also developed propositional thought, a way of evaluating the logic of propositions without using real world situations. I definitely remember a gain in my information processing; increased attention, inhibition, strategies and knowledge that led me to come to conclusions based on logic. Psychologist David Elkind, expanded on Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory. Elkind describes how young adolescents are preoccupied because they are going through major psychological changes within their body. Elkind noticed adolescents were self-conscious during this time of change. I can remember that I started to get embarrassed about the changes associated with my body. During this time period egocentrism is reappearing in our life, I became self-focused and self-absorbed, I was definitely a unique person in the world and I wanted everyone to know it. I can remember that I made rash decisions partly due to my frontal lobe not being fully developed. Looking back I probably drove too fast as a teenager and made some decisions I look back on now. Some of these consequences of the formal operational stage, recognized by Elkind, could create distortions in ones thinking during this time

Exemplary Comprehension 24 (40%) points: Great job with your original post. You developed an initial post that was organized, had a clear point of view or idea, and used significant detail. Your post shows that you have a good understanding of the Middle Ages and of the Humanities. I think you had some valuable things to say about the humanities.

Christopher is at age level in regards to externalizing and internalizing of emotions. He has a tendency to internalize and then explode. The results of the survey indicate that the interviewee is well aware of oneself as an individual. The last series of questions asked searched for a series of indications that the interviewee had well developed hypothetical thinking abilities for her age. Christopher is at age level in terms of hypothetical thinking and seems to be well developed in this area. He is able to utilize inferential reasoning to come to a conclusion.

The fourth stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development is the Formal operational stage. This stage is normally reached at age 11. These children are usually able to logically use symbols related to abstract concepts, such as algebra and science. These children can think about multiple variables in systemic ways, form hypotheses, and consider possibilities. Although Piaget believed in lifelong intellectual development, he insisted that the formal operational stage is the final stage of cognitive development, and that continued intellectual development in adults depends on the accumulation of knowledge (Shroff, 2015).

Piaget believed that human development involves a series of stages and during each stage new abilities are gained which prepare the individual for the succeeding stages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences between two stages in Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory—the preoperational stage and concrete operational stage. Cognitive development refers to how a person constructs thought processes to gain understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. The development of new cognitive structures (mental maps or schemas) will be a result of the individual's ability to adapt through mental processes such

There are various cognitive aspects and socio-cultural aspects vital for shaping the adolescence journey to the adulthood. Hoffnung et al., (2016) explained that cognitive aspects include the development of formal operational thoughts which originates from early adolescence, more advanced in middle adolescence and late adolescence. Due to the immature frontal lobe of the brain, temporal lobe does the decision making and logical reactions in adolescence (Barkway, 2013). Hypothetical thinking develops and do not worry about the consequences and are more perspective takers. In the middle years, they start to think logically by identifying and rejecting the hypothesis and trying to find possible outcomes based on logic (Barkway, 2013). Abstract thinking develops in late adolescence,

The second domain that describes children in middle childhood is cognitive development. Unlike physical characteristics, cognitive development emphasizes on mental development of children. Cognitive development consists of information processing and language (Santrock, 2008). In the aspect of information processing, developments of memory, thinking and metacognition are experienced by children in middle childhood (Santrock, 2008). According to Papalia et al. (2009), the efficiency of working memory of children during this stage improves substantially. This means that they are able to make calculation, organize information into groups, and repeat and reverse at 5 or more numbers that they heard. Besides, children in middle childhood are able to think critically, deeply, and think in different dimension of the task during middle and late childhood (Eccles, 1999). According to the concrete operational stage in Jean Piaget’s theory, operational thinking of children in middle childhood includes four aspects which are logic, decentration,

Developmental psychology is the point of view that occurs in learners over the course of a period of time. The developmental perspective includes theories that are continuous and discontinuous. Discontinuous theories are stage-like. The processes of learning and development involve distinct stages, which are characterized by qualitative differences in behavior. Theorists who use discontinuous theories use a specific beginning and end period for each stage. Continuous theories explain that learning and development generally happen in incremental processes. Learning involves changes throughout the lifespan. “Contemporary views on the nature of cognitive development have been vastly influenced by the work of one man. This was Jean Piaget (1896-1980), once a biologist, who turned his