Posthumanism

Birkerts provides three effects that will occur as a result of moving away from the printed word to the electronic media. The first effect is the language erosion. He explains the reader that transition from books will lead to the “complexity and distinctiveness of verbal and written communication, which are deeply bound to transaction of print literacy, will gradually be replaced by a more telegraphic sort of plainspeak” (9). In the future our language will start to become more simple and dumb. Whereas, by reading books and printed materials people are able to dig more depth and understand and imagine the contents. But, soon this will start to disappear as people will no longer be able to understand the complex language of the literature and intelligence level of people will start to decrease. The second effect of electronic media is the flattening of historical perspectives. This means that due to the electronic media the history will start to recede because the “printed page itself is a link” and when this link is broken the past will gradually diminish (10). Birkerts explains the audience that the past is best represented in the books and libraries. Therefore, moving away from the printed word means moving away from the past and its history. The last effect is the waning of the private self. Birkerts worries that in the future people will forget how to live because of the electronic

In the 21st century nothing has been more influential on the human race than technology has. Technology is a part of anything and everything and the thought of no technology would be considered the apocalypse. Two women, Jane McGonigal, a video game designer, and Sherry Turkle, a technology professor at MIT, both have their own perspectives on technology and how it impacts emotions. McGonigal’s main focus is how video games can be used as a model on how we as humans can make this world a better place. Turkle’s studies are focused on how technology such as cell phones, online avatars, and social media make a whole generations personal development different from past generations. McGonigal is extremely optimistic towards the idea of not only video games but technology as a whole being a huge impact on the improvement of earth’s population. Turkle is more skeptical on technology bringing up thought evoking questions regarding whether technology and its effects on us should be considered good or bad. Even with their contrasting topics both of these women are trying to show how the technology of everyday life alter the emotions. Turkle and McGonigal’s ideas are comparative regarding the emotional effect on people using alternate realities being positive and they also agree that technological communication has become a tool for emotional benefit in society, but their technological views differ on how technology will help us mature as a person.

The premise of the book goes into further detail concerning the digital era that we are living in today. Sadly the author explains that the digital culture does not open the minds of young adults to the

“The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing” (Carr 773). Carr’s point is because people are using the web, it is making it harder for them to concentrate and process information. Carr and Turkle both suggest in their articles that people now have lost the ability to be able to concentrate and to be

In the article “The IRL Fetish” by Nathan Jergenson, is a powerful essay that demonstrates the idea of this so called “Fetish” that we have with technology today. Within this essay Jergenson uses specific word choice in his essay to strengthen his argument about being connected. He uses quotes from other speakers and writers to get his points acrossed about this fetish that we have in our society right now. Finally, Jergenson also talks about the little victories that we have with technology, like “logging off”, and the irrational fear that we have about being disconnected.

The virtual world has its strong points. This statement is true and undeniable. Indeed, social networks are an excellent way to connect people worldwide and let them share their thoughts and ideas. However, I cannot agree more to Gladwell’s thesis.

The author and esteemed Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sherry Turkle, in the essay, “The Flight from Conversation,” published in the New York Times on April 22, 2012 addresses the topic of conversation versus connection. It argues that technology is interfering with the ability to communicate. Turkle supports her claim first by using ethos to establish her credibility, second by using logos to provide her logic, and finally pathos to relate and move the reader. Turkle establishes a sentimental tone in order to appeal to her audience’s emotions on the topic. The author’s overall purpose is to persuade her audience to be together and to interact in person so that they will

In his essay “The Net Is a Waste of Time,” novelist William Gibson analyzes the hidden potentials of the Internet in both its vastness and affect on society. He writes this piece at the dawn of the Internet, and during this undeveloped phase, he discusses its multitude of facts as is and will be. As hinted in the title of his essay, Gibson takes the stance that the Internet at its early stages is a waste of time -- an impressively large and complex waste of time -- but a waste of time nonetheless. He is ultimately concerned with how we are choosing to procrastinate through the Internet, and that our growing attachment and dependence on the Internet reveals a “fatal naïveté” (697) about us. Gibson also brings up the true enormity of the Web even at its premature standing, detailing how “the content of the Web aspires the absolute variety. One might find anything there. It is like rummaging in the forefront of the collective global mind” (697). Despite his concerns on what the Web might become, Gibson realizes that at the time of his writing, the Web was at a stage much like the larval stage of a butterfly’s life -- seems unassuming, but as he himself puts it, “The Web is new, and our response to it has not yet hardened” (697), and that there are “big changes afoot” (696).

The use of technology has increased rapidly as time has gone by.  In “Growing Up Tethered”, Turkle proves that the young generation need to be connected at all times by relying on their phones a lot. Reality is now based on technology, which people now live off of. Turkle’s argument in “Growing up Tethered” was used in the form of a book, with a well-organized smoothly transitioned article telling of the disconnection of the world we live in today, due to technologies such as cell phones, and social networks. We are slowly becoming a society of distance amongst each other with face to face conversations being limited to 20minutes phone conversations, and on social network sights we are making a portrayal of a person who we are

His argument that people are becoming too dependent on technology is weaved through the explanation of ELIZA: a computer application program that “offered a ‘mechanic clarity,’ replacing language’s human ‘messiness’ with a ‘clean internal computer.’” (202)

“I used to worry that computers would become so powerful and sophisticated as to take the place of the human minds,” expresses Lewis Thomas, the author of “The Corner of the Eye” [Thomas, 83]. A large part of Thomas’s fear of computers is due to the fact that “a large enough machine can do all sorts of intelligent things beyond our capacities” [Thomas, 83]. However, computers cannot replace us; he realizes computers cannot do some of the things that we can do, like being human. We like to be equivocal, imaginative, and self-conscious. Computers are the complete opposite of the traits that define us as human; or as Thomas states it, “they are not designed, as we are, for ambiguity” [Thomas, 83]. As witnessed by history, the present, and soon the future, it would be self-evident truth that computers will not take over us or be “us”.

Nicholas Carr, a writer for The Atlantic, believes that “[He knows] what’s going on. For more than a decade now, [He’s] been spending a lot of time online, searching and surfing and sometimes adding to the great databases of the Internet.”(Carr 1) Carr examines a personal experience of his technological addiction. As a writer, he finds the convenience of the web and technology to be addictive. This slowly-developing obsession with technologies does not come without a price though. The dependence on the internet made so that his “...mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles. Once [he] was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now [he zips] along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski...The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing.”(Carr 1) In the novel, this phenomenon of laziness is dramatized, in the descriptions of Guy and Mildred Montag. “he could imagine how his room would look, his wife stretched on the bed…in her ears the little Seashells, the thimble radios”(Bradbury 12). Mildred, like Carr, has come to rely on her technology, the seashells. She has grown to the point of dependence, at which she cannot even sleep without her technology by her side, just as Carr cannot write without the internet.

For example Turkle observes that Audrey’s avatar online has a much more mature body with a different hair style and more makeup than the real life Audrey. In one of their conversations they are talking about ending a conversation over the phone verses online, and Audrey says it is harder to end a conversation over the telephone. Audrey says “I don’t want to learn.” When she says this she means she does not want to learn how to end a phone conversation because it is so much easier to end a conversation on the internet. This is a barrier between Audrey and communicating with others in person and it all started because of the ability to hide behind a screen. One of Turkle’s main ideas in the article is to show how technology is preventing people from having more real conversations because it is easier to do it online, over a text message or even an email. Sherry Turkle has a successful argument about how technology can be used for hiding from real life confrontation and she uses Audrey’s personal experiences to back up her claim.

Do you feel more comfortable on the online world or the real and physical world? In the hallways at school, while walking down the street, in parked cars in a parking lot, in the store; everywhere you go, humans have their heads down, scrolling through the online world instead of getting a grasp of the physical world. In recent discussions of technology, a controversial issue has been how the internet affects us as humans. On the one hand, some argue that the internet is the “best thing to ever come alone”. On the other hand, however, others argue that the internet never should have come to life. The best perspective on this issue, is reflected by Nicholas Carr in his book The Shallows when he writes, “With the exception of the alphabets and

The film “ Digital Nation” is an exploration of diverse people's views on digital media, in today's world. Some of the most important topics were on the virtual world, and the pros and cons of technology within different groups like gamers, students, families, teachers, administrators, children, military and businesses, as well as the experience of general people. In the movie, Prof. Sherry Turkle said, “Technology challenges us to assert our human values. Technology is not good or bad, is powerful, and it is complicated which means first we have to figure out what they are”. Currently, technology has taken over, wherever one, goes one will find it. Over the past years, social media in particular have spread worldwide; from Facebook to Instagram. There is constantly something new, extra advanced and creative. Overall, the technology has evolved the way humans interact with each other. In particular, technology influences by motivating students towards learning, saving time, building literacy and communication skills.