Postmenopause Research Papers

The model for male birth control has been based on previous female birth control models.“A study in Indonesia that employed both Depo-Provera, a progestin used as a contraceptive in women, and one form of testosterone resulted in a zero sperm count”(Alexander).The common long-term female birth control, Depo-Provera, it's now being used in trials as a form of male contraceptive. Depo-Provera is a combination of synthetic female hormones to create medroxyprogesterone acetate, or simulate progestin. This tried-and-true method along with an injection of testosterone leads to males resulting in zero sperm count. After 2 month of injections, progestin stops the production of sperm (Hutson). The Progesterone is a female synthetic steroid that is used to thicken the mucus in the uterus not allowing the sperm to travel to the egg. In men the effect, combined with testosterone, stops the productions of sperm. Side effects to this method are mood swings, depression, and mild pain at injection site. The hormones in the injections, override the current hormones that are producing sperm, and overload the system decreases then eventually stop the production of sperm. The effective rate is 98 percent, comparable to the Female version of contraceptives (Hudston).The rate of female birth control effectiveness is 99%. It is easier in the human physiology to keep one

Cervical cancer is caused by the uncontrollable growth of cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Some signs of cervical cancer are abnormal bleeding in the vagina (between menstrual cycles, after sex, and after menopause), pain in the lower belly, pain during sex, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

A program I found on the internet called Private Gym and its owners have attributed the cause of these sexual problems to weak pelvic muscles.

quest to get a “female arousal” drug approved by the FDA and put out to the market. As Canner

Vulvovaginitis: If you develop an infection or excessive inflammation of the vagina or vulva tissues, you can be diagnosed with a common condition called vulvovaginitis. This condition has a number of causes, including poor hygiene, bacteria, viruses, yeasts and sexually transmitted diseases. Symptoms of vulvovaginitis can include vaginal itching and inflammation, abnormal vaginal discharge, urinary discomfort or unpleasant vaginal odor. Treatment of this condition typically involves the use of antifungal or antibiotic medications (oral or

and weaker and had severe vaginal bleeding. She was later diagnosed with cervical cancer. Her

As women age, many changes take place in her body such as hormone levels reducing, hair graying, and skin wrinkling. Kegel muscles, found inside the vagina and pelvic walls, start to lose elasticity. This change is daunting to many women, and can greatly have an effect on their ability to enjoy sexual intercourse. The sensations and feelings may be lost by this change, and there are some options available to restore their glorious physical state. The most obvious option many women choose is surgery to rejuvenate vaginal size, allowing them to get to enjoy their time with their partners again. Although surgical procedures work wonders, they are not always financially feasible, and this has made many women choose other methods to solve the problem

Symptoms can emerge as the female body adjusts to the decrease in estrogen levels as a result of natural or surgical menopause. Conversely, some women may experience no symptoms where others may experience one or all. Inadequate estrogen levels can also contribute to changes in the vaginal and urinary tracts, which can cause painful intercourse and urinary infections. Symptoms may last for several months or years and have been reported to vary greatly in onset and severity. Fleeting hot flashes, night sweats, and fatigue are the most frequently communicated symptoms. Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decrease in bone mass and density, causes the bones to become fragile and is a long-term condition associated with menopause.

The next patient was a first intake with acne and abdominal cramps before the menses. The patient further complained irritability and breast tenderness before menses an. She further added, complaining about pain in her abdomen and inner thigh area during the first few

According to Barbieri (2016), common advantages are that it is durable, inexpensive ($75 for the diaphragm and $20 for spermicidal cream that has 10 applications), and has very few serious side effects. It provides a local contraceptive effect rather than a systemic. Women may choose this birth control option because it offers them more control over their body, and the spermicidal cream will help protect them from sexually transmitted diseases. Some disadvantages of the diaphragm are that many feel the use of spermicidal creams are messy and it effects the spontaneity of intercourse (Carcio and Secor, 2015). Some women are not comfortable touching their bodies and find it difficult to insert the device correctly. Others have complained about vaginal irritation. A diaphragm is not the option for all patients. It is important to review all options as well as advantages and disadvantages with the patient when counseling them about their birth control options. As a provider, you need to help them find a method that they feel confident with and that is safe and

Ospemifene is an oral medication indicated for the treatment of dyspareunia. This is encountered by some women, more often in those who are post-menopausal. It is supposed to help with sex after menopause. Ensure was expressing the many ways it can help with Nutrition, Lifestyle change, and Fitness. It promotes positive, healthy choices in older women so that it can help you improve your health and maybe even discover your best self. KY ultra-gel is for dryness for women. Vaginal dryness occurs most often during perimenopause and menopause. Your body produces reduced amounts of estrogen during menopause, which accounts for the majority of vaginal dryness encountered by women. Viagra for women is for post-menopausal or post-hysterectomy women who complain of female sexual arousal disorder. The women in

Brisdelle, a non-hormonal therapy for the treatment of hot flushes in menopause women is approved by FDA, which was filed as a 505(b)(2) application in which the sponsor Noven Therapeutics LLC has abbreviated some studies from Paxil and Pexeva, that belong to the class of SSRI. FDA, the regulating authority review the applications from sponsor and give a decision based on the data provided. For an NDA, a sponsor is required to follow various regulations and guidance documents provided by FDA. Also sponsor need to submit a high quality pre-clinical data like CMC, Pharmacology, safety pharmacology and toxicology studies and clinical studies to ensure that the drug is safe and effective. Overall, it is the responsibility of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) to regulate the drug approval process in united states.

There may be bladder infection, low bladder capacity and frequent urination. All this arises because of lack of estrogen level in the body.

The symptoms of advanced cervical cancer includes back pain, bone pain or fractures, fatigue, difficulty urinating, pain when urinating or blood in urine, as well as, leaking of urine or feces from vagina, leg pain, loss of weight and appetite, pelvic pain, single swollen leg, and/or weight loss (PubMed Health). Other symptoms of advanced cervical cancer are diarrhea, or pain or bleeding from the rectum upon defecation, fatigue, and general feeling of illness, and a swollen abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. (WebM.D.)

Recent epidemiological studies founded the prevalence of RVVC higher than that reported previously as the recurrence rate about 7–8% of women who experience a first episode and the discomfort associated with RVVC is intense which markedly affects the quality of life of young women with a strong negative impact on work and social life (Cassone, 2015).