Postnatal Pb Assessment

Since the vocabulary of the popular source is so simplistic, it caters to a more general audience and allows them to grasp the more important aspects of the Baker and Algorta article that was summarized. As the reader is allowed to gain this knowledge, there is a broadening of information that effects the general population. Since the general public is able to grasp this information, it makes it more accessible to those that would not normally come across scholarly articles that alienate those who are not researchers or students. While the article has simplistic language and makes the information more accessible, there are disadvantages. The article lacks citation which makes the information that the public is able to receive less credible. Since the information is less credible, it makes the information that the public receives more easily misconstrued. Alongside the lack of credibility, there is too much general information. The information that the public receives lacks a large amount of context that allows readers to gather more detailed and nuanced information that coexists with the research provided. Due to the nature of a popular source, less background knowledge of the subject is required; however, there is more opportunity for wrong information, for it is brief and can often be

(Campbell, 2016). Two giants in childhood lead poisoning research and advocacy, Dr. Philip Landrigan and Dr. David Bellinger, summarize the adverse effects of lead very completely, yet succinctly: “Lead is a devastating poison. It damages children’s brains, erodes intelligence, diminishes creativity and the ability to weigh consequences and make good decisions, impairs language skills, shortens attention span, and predisposes to hyperactive and aggressive behavior. Lead exposure in early childhood is linked to later increased risk for dyslexia and school failure.”(p. 3).

​The argument from those opposed to childhood vaccinations are weak upon expanding the underlying reasons for the concerns about childhood vaccinations. For example, the argument about chemicals such as Thimerosal causing autism or brain damage is unfounded because Thimerosal has not

In addition to the lack thereof evidence, this article is scattered as can be; making the reading experience quite confusing and unenjoyable at times. Annika Hagley’s writing style is quite abstract, at times causing seemingly choppy

In order to meet the standards a student’s claim must be written in a full sentence, states a stance on the topic/theme, and is based on their evidence and supported by his/her reasoning. The percentage of students meeting this standard was fifty percent, and the other half of the class was placed in the approaching standards category. Students that are approaching standards produced a claim that lacks some specific data or does not tie into the question being asked. Scientists that cannot produce a proper evidence-based claim are often ignored in a professional setting, so it is important for the students to master the art of crafting evidence-based

The resources used in this article are varied. Some are primary and others are secondary. Primary resources of scientific papers are used to argue against people’s claims. The claims he represents are secondary sources as they discuss and review various topics or papers. Although good recourses are used in the article to support the author’s view, it was biased. The author states his opinion about the controversial topic several times through out the article. Lastly, since the article is published in a web journal, it is not peer-reviewed or supported by credible professionals.

Some major causal variables that have been identified are categorised as neurological factors, toxic reactions, genetic linkages and environmental factors. However, most of the available evidence found, points to neurological factors, which are imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain, and genetic variables as the primary causes of ADHD. The environmental factors and toxic reactions (such as lead exposure and food additives) are considered very minimal causes of ADHD. The search for causes of ADHD continues. There are many variables which are biological or thought to have an affect on biological functioning.

In light of the evidence that is presented, with least research to assist in understanding the issues

Lead poisoning in children was first discovered in 1890 in Queensland, Australia. The lead source was not identified until 1904, when a researcher traced it to the paint used on railings and verandahs. The first discovery of lead poisoning in the United States (with a traceable source) was in 1914; the child had chewed the paint off of his crib. At this time they linked lead poisoning as a cause of convulsions in children. As research progressed and more children were found with high lead levels, symptoms caused by lead were expanded to include lead meningitis, acute encephalopathy, intellectual dullness, reduced consciousness, seizures, comas, and death (Chisholm, 1982).

Childhood lead exposure increases the likelihood of behavioral and cognitive traits such as aggressive behavior, impulsivity, hyperactivity, attention impairment, minimal brain

Among the many environmental factors that can affect infant learning, prenatal cigarette exposure has proven to be a topic of interest in behavioral teratology due to the large number of health effects it is associated with. Some of the health effects of prenatal cigarette exposure include: lower birth weight, smaller head circumference, lower IQ, attention dysfunction, hyperactivity and other conduct problems, as well as school failure (Mezzacappa, E., 2011, p. 881-891). There are some human studies that investigate the cognitive deficits related to prenatal cigarette exposure which include: auditory, visual attention, and working memory issues.

In the united states, Lead poisoning seems to be one of the most common and preventable environmental problem in children. When compared to the US borne children, Prevelance of this poisoing is 1.6%high in refugee kids.(2)

In recent times, autism has gained attention because of the large scope of the problem. One of the most well-known facts about autism is it occurs in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds (CDC). While researching about autism there were not many aspects that hindered my research. However, there was one source that had a negative connotation and had a small effect on the credibility of other sources. Volkmar, Chawarska, and Klin wrote a paper that stated: “information on autism in infants and very young children is limited.” Furthermore, the report also said “Delays in diagnosis were common and a diagnosis often was not made until age 4.) (Siegel et al. 1988, as cited in Volkmar et al. 2005, pg. 315-316). These statements produced uncertainty with my research, but the other sources outweighed those

The study was done to women that lived in suburban areas and encountered vehicle fumes every day. While being exposed to moderate, steady amounts of CO during pregnancy, a positive correlation was made between exposure and children with cancer at an odds ratio of 5.6 while 83% of the births occurred in urban areas (Heck, 2013). A test was done in South Korea to determine how exposure to PM and NO2 affected the development skills of the children at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. More specifically it measured effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular, and pulmonary system. Air quality monitor stations measured the air pollution daily at where they lived and a neurodevelopment test was done to see how they were maturing. PM and NO2 had significant adverse effects on the children’s psychomotor developmental index and mental development index at 6 months of age (Kim, 2014). The cause of low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth are from the pollutants acting on the placenta functions and hormones. During the last trimester of pregnancy is when PM starts damaging the mitochondrial DNA. There was less measured mtDNA when the mother was exposed to PM late in pregnancy. Exposure during the first trimester leads to less DNA methylation. Another reason for these birth defects is the effect is has on blood transfer to the fetus. Preterm birth happens because particulate matter

Even though the authors have valid points and cite credible sources, their argument fails to be effective in several ways. For one,