Postoperative Bile Leak Case Study

The pancreas and the gall bladder are two of the most important organs of the digestive system. Together they help with the digestion process. The pancreas and the gall bladder work together with different functions, the gallbladder stores bile that comes from the liver so that it can be used for meals later on and the pancreas produces pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes that help break down food. In order to maintain the body stable and healthy, we need the help of the gallbladder and pancreas to function correctly. Which is why, we, as humans should take care of our organs. ( Tim Taylor, Pancreas and Gall Bladder)

Treatments include Surgery and medications to dissolve the gallstones. Nearly all cholecystectomies are performed with laparoscopy. If tests show the gallbladder has severe inflammation, infection, or scarring from other operations, the surgeon may perform open surgery to remove the gallbladder. In some cases, open surgery is planned; however, sometimes these problems are discovered during the laparoscopy and the surgeon must make a larger incision. If gallstones

2. Describe the functional anatomy of the duct system that conveys bile from the liver and digestive juice from the pancreas to the lumen of the

Postoperative nursing care after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy includes monitoring for complications such as bleeding, making the patient comfortable, and preparing the patient for discharge. Assessment findings for poor wound healing include redness, tenderness, swelling, purulent drainage, pain, and fever. Monitoring white blood cell count is a way to see if there is a presence of a bacterial infection. Maintaining good fluid intake and nutrition promotes fast and good wound healing. The carbon dioxide can irritate the phrenic nerve

Coders has to make sure they are putting the decimal in the right place for proper ICD-10 codes in order to get the correct diagnosis. Example Pain in gallbladder K82.9 If it looked like K82 as a coder we would know this not correct and would cause a issue with getting this paid,or the computer kicking it back with error.

Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water, bile salts, bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order to help digestion. Bile contains chemicals that break down/emulsify fats by dispersing fat globules into small droplets, therefore increasing the surface area, in turn speeding up the reaction. When fats get to the small intestine they

When a cystic duct is continuously obstructed inflammation occurs. Bile stasis triggers release of inflammatory enzymes and can be caused by fasting, obstruction, postsurgical/procedural irritation or ileus (total parenteral nutrition [TPN]), which can lead to bile inspissation that is directly toxic to the gallbladder epithelium. The damaged mucosa secretes more fluid into the gallbladder lumen than it absorbs. The resulting distention further releases inflammatory mediators (eg, prostaglandins), worsening mucosal damage and causing ischemia, all of which prolong inflammation and can cause a bacterial infection to occur later. The malicious circle of fluid secretion and inflammation leads to necrosis and perforation if it goes unchecked. If acute inflammation resolves then continues to recur, the gallbladder becomes fibrotic and contracted and does not concentrate bile or empty normally which is a feature of chronic cholecystitis. (Huffman, J. et al.,

With increasing age, bile juice is saturated with cholesterol, while at the same time decreasing the level of lecithin. It allows the accumulation of cholesterol and the appearance of gallstones.

It's also possible that you'll need to spend the night in the hospital. In some cases, a laparoscopic gallbladder removal isn't possible. Your doctor may know this in advance or it may not become known until the laparoscopic surgery is underway. If the doctor runs into scar tissue or other abnormalities in your abdomen, then an open surgery may be necessary instead. This requires a long incision and you might have to stay in the hospital to recover for a few

The removed gallbladder was placed in a 10% formalin solution, to uphold the integrity of the specimen. It was labeled with patient’s name, date of birth, medical record number, surgeon, healthcare facility, type of specimen and date and time of specimen collection. This data was verified by the same scrub and scout nurses, for consistency and in

Experts claim that the consumption of the mixture within the morning, on an empty abdomen, prevents the expansion of gallstones. Moreover, the consumption of a glass of water, olive oil, and juice an hour before the breakfast will detoxify the liver, kidneys, and the

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile. If the gallbladder was damaged or dysfunctional there would be softer and more frequent stools. (Audesirk, T., & Audesirk, G. (1999). Retrieved November 21, 2015 from Chapter 29: Nutrition and Digestion. In Biology: Life on Earth (5th ed., p. 585, 586). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.) (General Surgery- Gallstones (Cholelithiasis). (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from

All these patients underwent a reconstructive surgery (5 cases urgently and 18 cases electively), in the form of Roux-en-Y HJ and choledocho-duodenostomy. Drainage of bile collections was initially established percutaneously (2 cases) or surgically (3 cases), to stabilize the patient's condition in cases with removed or slipped drain.

Darren Roberts: 55-year-old male with a history of Hypertension, and Hyperlipidaemia who has gone in for a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Six potential problems post-operatively in order are Airway blockage due to possible tongue blockage as evidenced by the fact that Darren is a Smoker and Obese which are both potential factors causing the tongue to block the airways after surgery adding to this is the fact that anyone who has been under aesthetic and have problems with their tongue blocking the airway. (Brown et al, 2015) Nausea and vomiting could also cause blocked airway post-surgery as evidenced by the fact that laparoscopic surgery can cause nausea and vomiting in patients. (Graham, 2008)

This substance is produced when a human digests lipids or fats. According to Sareen Gropper and Jack Smith’s “Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism” bile is produced through the process of chemically altering cholesterol, which is a type of fat found in a human’s blood. This process takes place in the liver and bile acids are produced. These bile acids are then conjugated or united with taurine and glycine to produce biosurfactants known as bile salts. The existence of bile salts inside of bile gives the substance the capacity to amalgamate lipids and fats with their aqueous (watery) environment inside of the gallbladder. According to Sareen Gropper and Jack Smith’s “Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism” bile is released from its origin (gallbladder) into the small intestine. Through the process of emulsification the bile substance in the small intestine disintegrates fats into much tinier particles which can be digested and absorbed at a much more efficient and quicker rate. This evidently shows that without bile and in turn bile salts the digestion of fats will not be