Postural Control Essay

Physical therapy and kinesiology work in a close relationship to each other. Essentially one may think they are one in the same, however there are small differences between the two that provide different results when applied singularly. As a combined effort physical therapy and kinesiology work to heal the muscles and joints of the body, recreating movements perfectly as they were before injury or in some cases as closely as one can get to a perfect function. First one must understand where the lone is drawn between the two fields and how they balance each other to create desirable results in a patient.

This paper discusses the pros and cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III). First, important definitional, theoretical issues, including the nature of intelligence, a brief history, and pros and cons are discussed. Next, the development, reliability, validity, and assets and limitations of the WAIS-III are examined. This is followed by discussion of the meaning of IQ scores, use of successive level interpretation and cautions and guidelines for administration. Last, subtests, assessing special population groups, short forms, profile forms, and what a

A major strength of this assessment is that this assessment has a Nonverbal Index. This is beneficial for students who are not yet proficient in the English language or struggle with language. Administering the Nonverbal Index allows the administrator to gain a better understanding of the child’s abilities because their language issues are not working against them with this test. Also, this assessment has two theories of intelligence that can be tested: the Luria neurological processing theory and Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence. With the Luria Model, you will obtain the Mental Processing Index of Learning Ability, Sequential Processing, Simultaneous Processing, and Planning Ability. With the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model, you will obtain the Fluid-Crystallized Index with the areas of long-term storage and retrieval, short-term memory, visual processing, fluid reasoning, and crystallized ability. This assessment is also more child-friendly because of the visuals throughout the test. A weakness of this assessment is the administrator will not be able to obtain a score for auditory processing and processing speed with this assessment, requiring the administrator to utilize another intelligence assessment. This assessment has two intelligence theories options to choose from: the Luria

The participants will be given The Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C) devised by Gathercole and Pickering (2001). This test consists of four tasks which include

The Working Memory Index (WMI=97) score for Leo is within average range and at the 42nd percentile rank. This percentile puts Leo at the average normative range for his working memory abilities. It can be stated with 95% accuracy that Leo’s score is between 90-105. This index is

As per Reitan and Wolfson (1993) raw test scores must be interpreted by adhering to the following method: the WAIS-Information, Comprehension, Similarities and Vocabulary score must be weighed against pre-morbid intellectual competence. Poor scores are more receptive to biological condition and it might indicate brain damage. Next the Halstead Impairment Index is calculated based on the CT, Trail-Making Test B, and Localisation score of the TPT. In case these scores show significant decrease compared to Wechsler result, or the obtained ratio of 0.5 or greater suggests brain damage which resulted in neuropsychological impairment. This is followed by examining the WAIS Verbal versus Performance, bilateral disparity on the FTT and TPT, dysphasia, constructional dyspraxia and deficiency on the Sensory Perceptual Examination which lead to finding the location and orientation of the cerebral damage. Closing step is integrating all the input and interpreting the results concerning the neurological irregularity, predicting the progression of the injury and diagnosing the neurological condition (Reitan & Wolfson, 1993). Various index numbers serve to detect improper brain function. Russsell et al (1970) formulated Average Impairment Rating based on 12 weighted average subtest scores. The General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (Reitan &

Special group studies assessed criterion validity and clinical utility resulting in information that leads to diagnosis or ability classify disability and found that the NEPSY-II has discriminative validity across a variety of disabilities in areas such as ADHD, Asperger's disorder, math and reading disorders, intellectual disability, autism, emotional problems, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Brooks, Sherman, & Strauss, 2010; Davis & Matthews,

My whole life has been centered around the field of kinesiology. Since I was about four years old I have been involved in some sort of sport or physical activity and I have never wanted to change that. When I learned that there was a major that could revolve around sports and activity of which I love so much, I decided to throw myself fully into it. I have always been one to throw myself into whatever I am doing and challenge myself and set high goals. Therefore, I have chosen to go to medical school after my undergraduate education and become an orthopedic surgeon. Within the next ten years I hope to be on a hospital staff, improving my skills as a surgeon for sports medicine.

1.What is physical therapy? Physical therapy is difficult sometimes it just depends on which one you would like to do. There are many different types of Physical Therapy. There's Orthopedic Therapy, Pediatric Therapy, Wound Care therapy, Cardiopulmonary Therapy , Sports Therapy and many more. Ever since I was a little kid,I loved working or helping elderly people there tons of fun once you get to know them. My mom has worked in nursing homes since I was born she would take me and my brother to work all the time and I would ask people if they needed help because it was fun. I knew I wanted to do something to help the elderly get better or help them feel like they are at home.I choose this career because I love working with people especially elderly people. So far I think this is a good career and it's meant for me.

Nursing and physical therapy deal with a lot of helping people recover from incidents that might of have happened to them or even give them the knowledge to help them prevent from that incident to happen again. It could've have happened during an athletic sport or even just trying to recover from a big surgery. I have been in one of these situation before. I had to go to physical therapy because of a dislocation during my football game. Ever since I recovered from my incident something just clicked in my mind and all I thought about was helping people. What better way to help people with injuries is to help them recover from them. My reasons why you should accept me into your University is because I am a hard worker, I take my learning seriously, and I am always on time.

Kinesiotherapist monitors exercise programs that helps people regain muscle strength which was lost due to injury or disease. These are the people that study the depths of anatomy and understand how each part of the body works. The kinesiotherapist choose exercises that best suits the patient depending on what the patient’s goal is. The main goal for a kinesiotherapist to make sure the individual can reach their highest point of mobility and strength without causing pain to the individual. Staying faithful to the exercise routines the kinesiotherapist provides is key to being successful. The education requirements are obtaining a four year degree in kinesiology or exercise science, getting CPR certified, classroom study where you must know

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a treatment approach that has been found to be effective in unilateral (hemiplegic) spastic cerebral palsy. It involves constraint of the less impaired upper extremity and repetitive practice of the affected arm and hand. Casts, splints, and slings are used to restrain the unaffected arm while the individual is encouraged to use the impaired arm. The individual performs motor activities repetitively for up to 6 hours a day for 2 to 4 weeks. In order to perform more complex functional motor acts, the task is broken down into smaller movements and rewarded at each step of the

As established in the National Cancer Institute, “Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide for children and adolescents in America, accounting for more than 91,250 children that lose their lives to this disease” (National Cancer Institute). Cancer is not considered a terminal illness, but more of a chronic illness because of the intense treatment that the individual has to endure. As a result of this treatment the chances of survival for children suffering from pediatric cancer has increased around 80 percent. The increment in the survival rate has made it possible for many parents to not have to go through the acceptance that they are about to lose their child to a terminal illness, but have coping strategies that will make them adapt to the fear of the reoccurrence of that illness. This illness has a great impact on the patient as well as the family because not only do they have to adapt to this illness physically, but also mentally. Research has shown that there are both short term and long term effects that come into effect when the child is both in treatment and also years after the treatment. The type of cancers that these adolescents have to endure range from leukemia, brain tumors and other cancerous tumors that have appeared in recent medical studies. These tumors can either be benignant, an acute case that is non-cancerous or malignant, a cancerous case that will need intense treatment over an extended period of time.While many would say there is more of a

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 1949). This seminal intelligence scale assesses a child 's general intellectual ability across four domains, producing four corresponding index scores: (1) the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), (2) the Visual Spatial Index (VSI), (3) the Working Memory Index (WMI), and finally (4) the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The VCI measures verbal concept formation, specifically assessing children 's ability to listen to a question, draw upon learned information from both formal and informal education, reason through an answer, and express their thoughts aloud. An example item from this index is similarities, vocabulary, and comprehension. Next, the VSI measures non-verbal and fluid reasoning and assesses children 's ability to examine a problem, draw upon visual-motor and visual-spatial skills, organize their thoughts, create solutions, and then test them. An example item from this index is solving a 3D puzzle. The WMI measures working memory and assesses children 's ability to memorize new information, hold it in short-term memory, concentrate, and manipulate that information to produce some result or reasoning processes; an example item would be letter-number sequencing. This measure is particularly important for higher-order thinking, learning, and achievement. Finally, the PSI measures the speed of information processing and assesses children 's abilities to focus attention and quickly scan, discriminate between, and

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is a psychological test administered individually as a measure of cognitive ability for people in the age range of 16 to 90 years of age (Climie & Rostad, pp. 581-586, 2011). The administration of this assessment may be performed by trained technicians, however, the Administration and Scoring Manual states that it is imperative that all interpretation should be done by professionals to which have adequate training in and experience with standardized clinical instruments (Wechsler, 2008). The WAIS-IV was published by Pearson in 2008, and was meant to provide comprehensive and modified developmental norms, improve psychometric properties and clinical usefulness, and improve the easiness