Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Research Paper

Supraventricular Tachycardia is a cardio-vascular disease which occasionally results in abnormally fast heartbeat which is not related to exercise, stress or illness.

From the time we are born till the time we die there is a muscle inside of us that is the root of our existence, it’s a muscle so dominant that we can actually hear and feel it throughout our growth, daily activities, and emotions of our everyday life.

The authors then share their analysis on the changes of heart rate and GSR at the many different points throughout their study.

The range of normal resting diastolic BP for these patients was 75-85 mmHg. Did diastolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?

The heart rates of participants was tested before the step test, one minute, two minutes, and three minutes after the step test was performed in this experiment. Since heart rate increases while someone is performing physical activity, it was expected that heart rates of the students would be higher than before the step

Being knowledgeable about the heart is very important, especially if one is an athlete. This experiment is significant, because it can tell us how important it is for one to keep their heart healthy. It will also tell us how playing a sport can benefit one’s health and the well being of their heart. Our hypothesis says, if the athleticism of a person increases, then the heart rate recovery time will decrease when heart rate recovery in a function of athleticism. The purpose of this project is to see which type of athlete, or non-athlete has the best heart function.

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a condition in which blood volume decreases when standing up. The flow of blood through the body is affected causing dizziness and fainting. When the patient stands up, blood pressure drops and heart rate rapidly increases. Some patients have minor symptoms and perform everyday activities while others can have severe symptoms that cause even the simplest task to be almost impossible. This condition is very rare and usually affects more women than men. The age range is between twenty to fifty years old. It takes time and effort to properly diagnose POTS. This includes keeping a journal of symptoms and occurrences along with medical evaluation.

Post orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic disorder characterized by orthostatic intolerance, such as, light headiness, fatigue, sweating, tremor, anxiety, exercise intolerance, and fluctuation in blood pressure in either direction. A person with POTS will experience heart rates that increase 30 beats or more per minute upon standing and/or increase to 120 beats or more per minute upon standing (Grubb, 2000). These exaggerated heart rate increases usually occur within 10 minutes of rising. These symptoms of POTS may lead patient limitation of activity; for example, chronic debilitating disorders, prolonged bed rest, or medication that impair autonomic function that may have to be excluded (Agarwal, Garg, Ritch, Sarkar, 2007).

POTS and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) run hand-in-hand. Fatigue and exercise intolerance are two of the most common symptoms of POTS and CFS. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is where a resting heart rate is elevated or is out of proportion of physical demand or an elevated heart rate during minimal exertion. IST and POTS have many similarities, including abnormal heart rate response and pathophysiological mechanisms. During one study, there was common grounds of mitral valve prolapse, irritable bowel syndrome, CSF, and inflammatory bowel disease (Shelia et

What is POTS? Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a type of dysautonomia1 that affects numerous people around the world. When diagnosing POTS, a Tilt Table test is frequently used and the heart rate of the patient must increase by 30 beats per minute (bpm) or more, or be over 120 bpm, within the first 10 minutes of being placed in the vertical position from the supine position and with an absence of orthostatic hypotension2. Patients affected with POTS may have symptoms that range in severity. Although many POTS patients are able to continue with typical activities, some POTS patients are not able to. For others that are not able to fulfill a normal life, symptoms may be so severe that everyday activities such as bathing, eating, walking, or standing can be difficult or impossible. POTS patients have trouble changing positions because there is decreased blood flow to the brain. When there is decreased blood flow to the brain, it can cause severe dizziness and fainting (Garland). “Many people, who have POTS, experience presyncope. During presyncope episodes, symptoms are similar to a faint but no loss of consciousness is experienced” (Pots-). POTS patients can also have severe pain that is debilitating. Sometimes POTS patients will have other diseases or complications along with POTS that disables them.

Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.

The world of science is bursting with rectifications and when it comes to medicine, it is scientist’s goal to prescribe what is best for the patient. A doctor cannot prescribe what is best for a patient if they do not even fully understand the disease they are facing. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is one of the many diseases we do not know about and it makes sense that many doctors would turn out to be treating its symptoms incorrectly. Our knowledge on medication has grown over the years in the case of POTS and we have come to learn that there are medicines we should not prescribe to the patients. These medicines happen to be any type of norepinephrine reuptake transporters (NRI) that contain atomoxetine. This type of medicine

The aim of this review was to determine the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs in patients with HTN and symptomatic PAD in terms of cardiovascular events and the effect on the ankle brachial index (ABI) to measuring outcomes (Lip and Lane, 2013). A randomized controlled trial with 3610 PAD patients was used to study the effects of anti-hypertensive drug treatment plan that included an ACE inhibitor and Neb. The parameters of the study were measured using the ABI and claudication walking distance and descriptive statistics were used. Overall, there was no significant decrease in non- fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke with or without revascularization (OR.9, 95% CI.76 to 1.07 and OR.96, 95% CI.82 to 1.13) (Lip & Lane, 2013). There was no significant change in the ABI of the trials either. While the data was not solidly conclusive, patients did receive the benefits of having lower BP from both of these drugs (Lip & Lane,

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.